A process for recovery of lithium ions from a lithium-bearing brine, the process comprising: contacting the lithium-bearing brine with a lithium ion adsorbent based on orthosilicate. The lithium ion adsorbent is a de-lithiated form of: Li.sub.2X.sub.1-y-zY.sub.yZ.sub.zSiO.sub.4, where y and z together=0 to 1 and X, Y and Z are each Fe, Mg, Ca, Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Ti, V, Sr or Zr.

A process for recovery of lithium ions from a lithium-bearing brine, the process comprising: contacting the lithium-bearing brine with a lithium ion adsorbent based on orthosilicate. The lithium ion adsorbent is a de-lithiated form of: Li.sub.2X.sub.1-y-zY.sub.yZ.sub.zSiO.sub.4, where y and z together=0 to 1 and X, Y and Z are each Fe, Mg, Ca, Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Ti, V, Sr or Zr.

An apparatus, system, and method for removing impurities from a non-aqueous electrolyte used in an electrochemical cell. The apparatus includes a vessel having one or more chambers with an inlet and an outlet configured to allow the flow of the electrolyte through the one or more chambers; and an inorganic scavenging agent located within the one or more chambers. The inorganic scavenging agent includes one or more types of zeolite particles, at least one type of absorbent filler particles, or a combination of the zeolite and absorbent filler particles. The inorganic scavenging agent absorbs one or more of moisture, free transition metal ions, or hydrogen fluoride (HF) that is present as impurities in the non-aqueous electrolyte.

Systems, methods, and membranes involving ion exchange membranes are disclosed. In an embodiment of the present invention, an ultrathin laminar layer made of inorganic nanosheets may be coated on one side or both sides of a polymeric anion exchange membrane (AEM), forming a composite AEM. Oxidation stability measurements may indicate that composite AEM provide superior oxidation resistance to exemplary polymeric AEMs and to commercial polymeric AEMs.

A process for removing Hg.sup.2+ toxins from bodily fluids is disclosed. The process involves contacting the bodily fluid with a titanium metallate ion exchanger to remove the metal toxins in the bodily fluid, including blood and gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, blood can be contacted with a dialysis solution which is then contacted with the ion exchanger. The titanium metallate ion exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula:
A.sub.mTiNb.sub.aSi.sub.xO.sub.y. A composition is provided with the combination of the titanium metallate ion exchanger and bodily fluids or dialysis solutions. Also, provided is an apparatus comprising a matrix and the titanium metallate ion exchanger.

The present invention relates to the use of particulate mineral material comprising modified heulandite group zeolite for removing heavy metal cations from a liquid medium, wherein at least a part of the exchangeable cations in the heulandite group zeolite is replaced by ammonium cations.

Disclosed herein is a continuous process for preparing zeolitic material with a CHA-type framework structure comprising SiO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3 and the zeolitic material so-obtained. The processes comprises (i) preparing a mixture comprising one or more sources of SiO.sub.2, one or more sources of X.sub.2O.sub.3, seed crystals, one or more tetraalkylammonium cation R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7R.sup.8N.sub.+-containing compounds as structure directing agent, and a liquid solvent system; (ii) continuously feeding the mixture prepared in (i) into a continuous flow reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity; and (iii) crystallizing the zeolitic material with a CHA-type framework structure from the mixture in the continuous flow reactor.

Disclosed herein is a continuous process for preparing zeolitic material with a CHA-type framework structure comprising SiO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3 and the zeolitic material so-obtained. The processes comprises (i) preparing a mixture comprising one or more sources of SiO.sub.2, one or more sources of X.sub.2O.sub.3, seed crystals, one or more tetraalkylammonium cation R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7R.sup.8N.sub.+-containing compounds as structure directing agent, and a liquid solvent system; (ii) continuously feeding the mixture prepared in (i) into a continuous flow reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity; and (iii) crystallizing the zeolitic material with a CHA-type framework structure from the mixture in the continuous flow reactor.

Solid material having an open multiple and at least partially interconnected porosity, comprising an inorganic matrix made of a microporous and mesoporous geopolymer, in which at least partially interconnected open macropores delimited by sides or walls made of microporous and mesoporous geopolymer are defined, and particles of at least one solid compound different from the geopolymer being distributed in the macropores and/or in the sides or walls. Method for preparing said material. Method for separating at least one metal or metalloid cation from a liquid medium containing it, wherein said liquid medium is placed in contact with the material.

Solid material having an open multiple and at least partially interconnected porosity, comprising an inorganic matrix made of a microporous and mesoporous geopolymer, in which at least partially interconnected open macropores delimited by sides or walls made of microporous and mesoporous geopolymer are defined, and particles of at least one solid compound different from the geopolymer being distributed in the macropores and/or in the sides or walls. Method for preparing said material. Method for separating at least one metal or metalloid cation from a liquid medium containing it, wherein said liquid medium is placed in contact with the material.