An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

A process for producing direct reduced iron (“DRI”) from iron ore and biomass in a single stage fluidised bed includes injecting (a) iron ore, (b) gaseous oxygen and (c) a solid reductant including biomass into a reaction zone of the fluidized bed operating in a temperature range of 750-850#C and reducing iron ore and forming DRI in the fluidized bed and discharging DRI having a metallisation of at least 70% from the fluidised bed.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

Systems and methods of generating hydrogen are described herein. The systems include a first reactor that receives a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon gas and produces a pyrolysis product stream comprising hydrogen gas and solid carbon. The first reactor includes a series of high-frequency solenoid coils surrounding a first reactor chamber housing a molten material. The first reactor chamber is configured to direct the feed stream through the molten material to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen gas and produce a hydrogen gas product stream and a carbon product stream. The systems also include a second reactor that receives the hydrogen gas product stream. The second reactor houses a heated metal structure in a second reactor chamber configured to direct the hydrogen gas product stream through the heated metal structure to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen gas product stream to hydrogen gas.

The present disclosure relates to a spark plasma sintering-joined polycrystalline diamond and methods of joining polycrystalline diamond segments by spark plasma sintering. Spark plasma sintering produces plasma from a reactant gas found in the pores in the polycrystalline diamond segments. The plasma forms diamond bonds and/or carbide structures in the pores, which join the polycrystalline diamond segments to form a polycrystalline diamond element.

A method for adjusting the softening point of a pitch material includes heating the pitch material to form molten pitch material, and rising the softening point of the pitch material by moving a plurality of movable members so that the movable members repetitively move at least some of the molten pitch material out of a liquid level of the molten pitch material and back to the molten pitch material.