A petroleum hydrocarbon multi-stage fluid catalytic reaction method and reactor are described. The method implements a sectional multi-stage reaction in one reactor and comprises primary-stage and secondary-stage catalytic cracking reactions of feedstock oil and primary-stage and secondary-stage catalytic cracking reactions of light hydrocarbons and/or cycle oil, which occur in different reaction regions of the reactor. The primary-stage reaction of the light hydrocarbon and/or circulation oil is carried out in an independent reaction region. The reactor comprises a first reaction section, a catalyst splitter, a third reaction section, a second reaction section and a settler.

A process comprising polymerizing olefin monomers and optionally comonomers in a first reactor vessel, thereby forming a raw product stream comprising polymerized solids, unreacted monomer and optionally comonomer, the polymerized solids comprising olefin polymer, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and catalyst system. Then the polymerized solids are contacted with a catalyst poison selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, alcohols, amines, or mixtures thereof, thereby forming a passivated stream. The passivated stream is maintained in an agitated state within a second reactor. The passivated stream within the second reactor is then contacted with a circulating gas comprising unreacted monomer for a residence time, thereby reducing the concentration of VOC in the polymerized solids by at least 10 wt % compared to the level before entering the second reactor, thereby forming a purified olefin polymer solids stream.

Apparatus for carrying out a catalytic gas-phase olefin polymerization having a first polymerization zone for growing polymer particles to flow upward under fast fluidization or transport conditions, a second polymerization zone for the growing polymer particles to flow downward, and a gas/solid separation zone; wherein the second polymerization zone has an upper part being connected to the separation zone and a lower part being connected to the upper part; wherein the ratio of the height H01 of the separation zone to the diameter D01 of the separation zone is 2.5 to 4.5.

The invention relates to a system for producing polyolefin. The system comprises a gas phase reactor (1) for polymerizing an olefin to obtain polymerization product. The gas phase reactor (1) comprises a gas distribution plate (11) arranged inside the gas phase reactor (1); a first outlet (12) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1) as a first product stream, the first outlet (12) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11); and a second outlet (13) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1) as a second product stream, the second outlet (13) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11). The system further comprises a first outlet tank (2) in fluid communication with the first outlet (12) via a first passage (22), wherein the first passage (22) comprises a first valve means (221) for controlling the flow of the first product stream in the first passage (22) and wherein the first outlet tank (2) is arranged to receive the first product stream and to concentrate the first product stream; a product receiver tank (3) in fluid communication with the second outlet (13) via a second passage (31), wherein the second passage (31) comprises a second valve means (311) for controlling the flow of the second product stream in the second passage (31), and wherein the product receiver tank (3) is arranged to receive the second product stream; and a control means in communication with the first valve means (221) and the second valve means (311) and arranged to control the operation of the first valve means (221) and the second valve means (311) so that flow in only one of the first passage (22) and the second passage (31) is allowed at a time.

The invention relates also to a process for recovering polymerization product from a gas phase reactor (1). The gas phase reactor (1) is suitable for polymerizing an olefin to obtain polymerization product and comprises a gas distribution plate (11) arranged inside the gas phase reactor (1); a first outlet (12) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1), the first outlet (12) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11); and a second outlet (13) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1), the second outlet (13) being arranged above the gas distribut

A coke control reactor, and a device and method for preparing low-carbon olefins from an oxygen-containing compound are provided. The coke control reactor includes a coke control reactor shell, a reaction zone I, and a coke controlled catalyst settling zone; a cross-sectional area at any position of the reaction zone I is less than that of the coke controlled catalyst settling zone; n baffles are arranged in a vertical direction in the reaction zone I; the n baffles divide the reaction zone I into m reaction zone I subzones; and a catalyst circulation hole is formed in each of the baffles, such that a catalyst flows in the reaction zone I in a preset manner. A catalyst charge in the present coke control reactor can be automatically adjusted, and an average residence time of a catalyst in the coke control reactor can be controlled by changing process operating conditions.

Methods of reducing heat exchanger fouling rate or of producing polyolefins may include providing a first gas stream comprising a gas and entrained fine polyolefin particles to a gas outlet line; removing a portion of the entrained fine polyolefin particles from the gas outlet line to form a bypass stream; and providing the bypass stream to a bypass line comprising a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet. The bypass line inlet and outlet are located upstream and downstream of a first heat exchanger. The methods may further include providing at least a portion of the first gas stream to the first heat exchanger; and combining the bypass stream and a second gas stream at the bypass line outlet to form a combined gas stream comprising one or more olefins or paraffins. A temperature of the combined gas stream is below the dew point of the combined gas stream.

The invention relates to a lining (10) intended to be positioned inside a chamber (1) to promote contact between fluids circulating inside said chamber, said lining comprising a plurality of separate criss-crossing strips (12): —first strips (12.1i) parallel to a first direction (D1) and defining a plurality of first planes spaced apart from each other, —second strips (12.2i) parallel to a second direction (D2) forming an angle with the first direction (D1) and defining a plurality of second planes spaced apart from each other. In each first plane, a free space separates two first adjacent strips I a direction perpendicular to the first direction and receives a second strip, the first and second strips being secured together. Each separate strip of at least one stage is perforated (12) and selected from a strip made from a stamped metal sheet and a strip made from an expanded metal sheet.

Systems for preparing butenes are provided. The systems can include a reactor inlet coupled to both a reactor and at least one reactant reservoir; at least one of the reactant reservoirs containing one or both of an aldehyde and/or ethanol; a catalyst within the reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support material; and a reactor outlet operationally configured to convey a butene-rich reaction product to a product reservoir. Methods for preparing butenes are also provided. The methods can include exposing one or both of ethanol and/or an aldehyde to a catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support to form a butene-rich product that comprises one or both of 1-butene and/or 2-butene.

In an apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking a riser having a top and a bottom for fluidizing and cracking a hydrocarbon feed stream by contact with catalyst exits an outlet at the top of the riser. A downer in communication with the outlet of the riser receives cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A swirl duct in communication with the downer has a discharge opening below the outlet for discharging said cracked hydrocarbon product and catalyst. A stream of hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst is passed upwardly in a riser. A stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst is directedly downwardly and then the stream of gaseous hydrocarbon products and catalyst are directed to flow in an angular direction to separate gaseous hydrocarbon products from the catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed apparatus and to a fluidized bed apparatus, the method comprising the following steps: providing particulate metal to a reaction chamber of a fluidized bed reactor, providing an oxidizing agent to a fluidizing bottom of the fluidized bed reactor such that particulate matter comprising the particulate metal is fluidized, wherein the particulate metal reacts with the oxidizing agent to particulate metal oxide, withdrawing particulate metal oxide from the reaction chamber, storing the withdrawn particulate metal oxide, providing particulate metal oxide to the reaction chamber of the fluidized bed reactor, providing a reducing agent containing gas to the fluidizing bottom of the fluidized bed reactor such that particulate matter comprising the particulate metal oxide is fluidized, wherein the particulate metal oxide reacts with the reducing agent to particulate metal, withdrawing the particulate metal from the reaction chamber, storing the withdrawn particulate metal.