A system and method for producing olefin via dry reforming and olefin synthesis in the same vessel, including providing feed including methane and carbon dioxide to the vessel, converting methane and carbon dioxide in the vessel into syngas (that includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide) via dry reforming in the vessel, and cooling the syngas via a heat exchanger in the vessel. The method includes synthesizing olefin from the syngas in the vessel, wherein the olefin includes ethylene, propylene, or butene, or any combinations thereof.

A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed and hydrogen generation method. The plant has a feeding system, reaction system, tail gas treatment and analysis system, and auxiliary system. The reaction system has a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, oxygen carrier layer and supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom. The feeding system has a delivery pipe, metering pump, mass flow controller and fuel mixer. The tail gas treatment and analysis system has a cooler, gas-liquid separator, mass flow meter, gas analyzer and tail gas pipe. The packed bed reactor is subjected to fuel reduction, purge, steam oxidation, purge, air combustion and purge stages successively under control of the feeding system. The pilot plant enables evaluation for oxygen carriers and identification for technological difficulties and can generate high-purity hydrogen without using complex gas purification devices.

A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

A catalyst containing, as an essential component, molybdenum; bismuth; and cobalt, in which a sum (S) of ratios of peak intensities expressed by the following formula in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using CuKα rays as an X-ray source is 42 or more and 113 or less.

S={(peak intensity at 2θ=14.1°±0.1°+(peak intensity at 2θ=25.4°±0.1°)+(peak intensity at 2θ=28.5°±0.1°)}/(peak intensity at 2θ=26.5°±0.1°)×100

In a method for cooling of process gas between catalytic layers or beds in a sulfuric acid plant, in which sulfuric acid is produced from feed gases containing sulfurous components like SO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, CS.sub.2 and COS or liquid feeds like molten sulfur or spent sulfuric acid, one or more boilers, especially water tube boilers, are used instead of conventional steam superheaters to cool the process gas between the catalytic beds in the SO.sub.2 converter of the plant. Thereby a less complicated and more cost efficient heat exchanger layout is obtained.

A method for catalytic vapor phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde may include: passing a feed stream comprising methanol and oxygen through a layered catalyst bed having a first layer comprising a first silver catalyst particles and a second layer comprising a second silver catalyst particles that are different than the first silver catalyst particles, wherein the feed stream passes through the first layer before the second layer, wherein the first silver catalyst particles has a greater reaction activity for converting methanol and oxygen to formaldehyde; and reacting the methanol and the oxygen in the presence of the catalysts to produce a product stream comprising formaldehyde.

A system and method for producing dimethyl ether (DME) via dry reforming and DME synthesis in the same vessel, including converting methane and carbon dioxide in the vessel into syngas (including hydrogen and carbon monoxide) via dry reforming in the vessel, cooling the syngas via a heat exchanger in the vessel, and synthesizing DME from the syngas in the vessel.

A method of enhancing yield and transfer rate of a packed bed in a reactor chamber of a vessel includes steps of applying acoustic energy to the packed bed, measuring impedance of the packed bed deriving a natural resonance frequency of the packed bed from the measured impedance and applying the acoustic energy to the packed bed at the derived natural resonance frequency of the packed bed.

A system for methanol synthesis from a synthesis gas rich in hydrogen and CO2/CO having a first adiabatic reactor (11) with a structure having an inlet stream (10), a first catalytic bed (12), one Venturi type mixing element (13), a first divergent nozzle (14), a second catalytic bed (27) and one outlet stream (28) all of them connected sequentially to each other; a first heat exchanger (15) connected to the outlet stream (28) downstream the reactor (11); a condenser (16) connected to the heat exchanger (15) downstream of the heat exchanger (15); a separator (18) connected to the condenser (16); a first cold gas stream (19) joining the separator (18) to both the first heat exchanger (15) and the first Venturi type mixing element (13); a first outlet stream (21) joining the heat exchanger (15) to a second adiabatic reactor (24) similar to the first adiabatic reactor (11).

An apparatus for enhancing a yield and a transfer rate of a packed bed includes a packed bed, a vessel having a reaction chamber, a support frame and acoustic attenuator for holding the packed bed in the reaction chamber, at least one acoustic transducer adapted to transmit acoustic energy into the packed bed and an acoustic generator. The acoustic generator has impedance matching functionality.