The present application discloses a multi-region plasma shell-and-tube reactor comprising a shell body. At least two reaction regions are provided inside the shell body, and a horizontal separation panel is provided between any two adjacent reaction regions, used to separate the two and passing through the tubes. A central hole is provided in the center of any horizontal separation panel, and at least one auxiliary hole distributed around the central axis of the central hole is provided in any horizontal separation panel so as to cooperate with the central hole to cause a vortex state to be formed in a reaction region.

Bubble column reactor assembly (100) is provided, the assembly comprising: a reactor vessel (104) comprising a bottom end and a top end; a pre- distributor plate (150) disposed above the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) to distribute gas in a liquid, the plate comprising a bottom surface facing the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface. The pre-distributor plate (150) comprises a plurality of perforations (206), each perforation (206) comprising: a duct (170) projecting from the bottom surface of the pre-distributor plate; and a cap (180) enclosing the duct (170) and the perforation (206). The cap (180) comprises a plurality of openings (210). A gas distributor (110) is disposed below the pre-distributor plate (150) to receive gas and inject gas into the liquid prior to distribution of gas and the liquid by the pre- distributor plate (150).

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of polyethylene by polymerizing in a slurry ethylene and optionally one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 alpha-olefins. In some embodiments, the polymerization is carried out in a cylindrical polymerization reactor equipped with an agitator for mixing the contents of the reactor and inducing a flow of the slurry, the ethylene is fed into the reactor by an ethylene injection system comprising one or more injection nozzles which project through the bottom reactor head or through the reactor wall and extend from 0.02-0.5 times the inner diameter D into the reactor, and the ethylene exits the injection nozzle with an exit velocity from 10-200 m/s.

A method for manufacturing solketal ((2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) includes: (1) milling starting reagents, including at least: glycerol, a catalyst selected from a hard Lewis acid including at least one transition metal, and acetone, the molar ratio (glycerol):(acetone) being less than or equal to 0.8; preferably less than or equal to 0.7, at an ambient temperature greater than or equal to 50° C., preferably greater than or equal to 56° C., in a three-dimensional microbead mill in a liquid phase for a residence time less than or equal to 15 minutes, preferably less than or equal to 10 minutes, and in particular less than or equal to 5 minutes; (2) recovering, as output from the mill, a final composition including solketal and, where appropriate, one or more sub-products corresponding to the starting reagents that have not reacted and/or to 1,3-O-isopropylidene-glycerol, and (3) optionally, separating the solketal from the one or more sub-products.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

Bubble column reactor assemblies are provided, an assembly (100) comprising: a reactor vessel (102) comprising a bottom end and a top end. A pre-distributor plate (114) having a bottom surface and a top surface, disposed in the 5 reactor vessel (102) such that the bottom surface faces the bottom end of the reactor vessel (102). A gas distributor (106) is disposed below the pre-distributor plate (114) to receive and inject gas into a liquid prior to distribution of gas and liquid by the pre-distributor plate (114). The gas distributor (106) comprises: a common manifold (108) and a plurality of ring-shaped pipes disposed along a length of the 10 common manifold (108); and a plurality of nozzles disposed along an outer circumference of each ring-shaped pipe of the plurality of ring-shaped pipes to inject gas and create vortexes for uniform distribution of the gas in the liquid.

A method and device for building an oligonucleotide on a solid phase resin within a filter reactor, wherein the method and device as used as a solid phase synthesis system. As part of the solid phase synthesis process, a protecting group will be removed from the 5′ position of an oligonucleotide that is attached to the solid phase resin and then an activated amidite (phosphoamidite) solution is added. The activated amidite solution flows up and down, or fluidizes and mixes with the resin beads within the bed reactor and reacts at the 5′ position of the oligonucleotide, wherein the phosphorous linkage found within the amidite comprises a P atom that is in an oxidation state of III. Once the activated amidite solution has been reacted, the P atom is converted from an oxidation state of III to an oxidation state of V. Any of the reactions including deblocking, coupling, oxidation, sulfurization, or capping can be fluidized or mixed to get complete contacting between the reagents and the resin. Reagents drain from the reactor out the filter bottom before washing. The resin bed is flat and channel free because of the fluidization or mixing prior to the washes and can be re-fluidized during any of the washes. A spray cone or other distributor evenly spreads reagents or wash solvents onto the top of the resin bed without disrupting the flat even spread of resin in the radial direction. Washing after any given reaction can be divided into several individual segments. The cleaner portion of washes after a particular reaction in one cycle, can be collected in a holding vessel and used as the first washes after reaction in the next cycle. In-process integrated multi-pass washing can be used to enable more efficient use of the wash solvent. Excess reagent solution used for deblocking reaction is recycled and reused from one phosphoramidite cycle to the next, making the use of deblocking more efficient.

Disclosed are a reaction tower, a production system, and a production method for producing potassium manganate. The reaction tower includes a reaction tower body and a bubble generator. The reaction tower body has a reaction chamber. The bubble generator includes an outer housing. The outer housing is disposed in the reaction chamber and has a gas flow channel therein. The outer housing is configured to direct an external reactant gas into the gas flow channel. The outer housing is provided with multiple first pores each having a diameter less than 10 mm, via which the gas flow channel communicates with the reaction chamber. The reaction tower is used in the production system. The reactant gas is introduced into the reaction chamber in the form of small bubbles by the action of the bubble generator, to increase the area of contact of the reactant gas with manganese ore powder and lye.

A spin contactor is provided for contacting a particulate with a fluid. The spin contactor has a containment section that may contain the particulate, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet. The containment section comprises an upper particulate separator, a lower particulate separator, and a conical wall. In most cases, the spin contactor includes a shaft to be operatively coupled to a means for spinning the spin contactor. The fluid is drawn upwardly through the fluid inlet to contact the particulate and then expelled through the fluid outlet. A process of treating a fluid composition is provided by sending the fluid composition through the spin contactor comprising particulates.

The invention refers to a reactor and a method respectively for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media, and a subsequent cleaning of the reactor, said reactor comprising a vessel (11) in which a transformation device (100) has been mounted. The invention also refers to a reactor kit comprising such reactor. The reactor comprises at least one nozzle (15) arranged on the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel (11). The at least one nozzle (15) is arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid (CF) in a direction towards a longitudinal centre axis (L1) of a flow distributor (1) arranged in the vessel (11).