The present disclosure provides a microfluidic chip including a plurality of microcavities, at least two of the plurality of microcavities have different volumes.

An example of a sequencing kit includes a flow cell, an encapsulation matrix precursor composition, and a radical initiator. The flow cell includes a plurality of chambers and primers attached within each of the plurality of chambers. The encapsulation matrix precursor composition consists of a fluid, a monomer or polymer including a radical generating and chain elongating functional group, a radical source, and a crosslinker. The radical initiator is part of the encapsulation matrix precursor composition or is a separate component.

A detection chip, a method for manufacturing a detection chip, a method for operating a detection chip, and a reaction system are disclosed. The detection chip includes a first substrate, a micro-cavity definition layer, and a heating electrode. The micro-cavity definition layer defines a plurality of micro-reaction chambers. The heating electrode is configured to release heat after being energized. The heating electrode includes a first electrode portion and at least one second electrode portion. Orthographic projections of the plurality of micro-reaction chambers on the first substrate are within an orthographic projection of the first electrode portion on the first substrate, the orthographic projections of the plurality of micro-reaction chambers on the first substrate do not overlap with an orthographic projection of the second electrode portion on the first substrate, and a resistance value of the first electrode portion is greater than a resistance value of the second electrode portion.

Embodiments of the current disclosure are directed to systems, methods and apparatus for evaluating single cell secretion profiles. In some embodiments, the apparatus may be configured to analyze substances expressed by a biological cell and may include a first compressible substrate, and a second substrate configured for removable sealing attachment with the first substrate. In some embodiments, upon attachment of the second substrate with the first substrate, an assembly is formed such that the open side of the plurality of chambers are covered by the second substrate, and a portion of each of the plurality of capture areas are exposed in each of the chambers.

The present application provides a method and a system for integrating morphological characteristics and gene expression of individual cells. The method comprises the following steps: providing a microfluidic device, which comprises a microwell array and an interdigital electrode, and each microwell comprises a plurality of capture oligonucleotides; injecting cells into the microwells, capturing a single cell and recording morphological characteristics of the cell; lysing the cell so that the mRNA released by the cell is captured by the capture oligonucleotide; reverse transcribing the captured mRNA to obtain cDNA; performing a PCR amplification reaction on the cDNA to obtain a cDNA library and sequencing the cDNA library; reading the cell barcode sequence and the unique molecular identifier sequence according to sequencing results, and the morphological characteristics and gene expression of the cell in the microwell are integrated together.

Systems and methods for recovering content of a sample from a microcapillary array are provided. The microcapillary array includes a plurality of microcapillary wells. A laser is positioned to target a first microcapillary well in the plurality of microcap-wells. The laser pulses at least one time at the first microcapillary well. The content from the first microcapillary well is extracted, recovering the content of the first microcapillary well.

A device for aggregating cells includes a cavity. The cavity includes a plurality of microwells for receiving at least one cell. Each of the microwells includes a vertical sidewall and a curved bottom. The microwells are made in a hydrogel layer. Each of said microwells has a diameter and an interwell distance between one microwell and another microwell, wherein a ratio for the interwell distance to the diameter is less than or equal to 1/10.

Embodiments of the current disclosure are directed to systems, methods and apparatus for evaluating single cell secretion profiles. In some embodiments, the apparatus may be configured to analyze substances expressed by a biological cell and may include a first compressible substrate, and a second substrate configured for removable sealing attachment with the first substrate. In some embodiments, upon attachment of the second substrate with the first substrate, an assembly is formed such that the open side of the plurality of chambers are covered by the second substrate, and a portion of each of the plurality of capture areas are exposed in each of the chambers.

An apparatus for biological reactions is provided. The apparatus includes a substrate and a plurality of reaction sites within the substrate. A surface of the substrate is configured to have a first hydrophilicity and each surface of the plurality of reaction sites is configured to have a second hydrophilicity to load a substantial number of reaction sites with a sample volume. The sample volume of each loaded reaction site is substantially confined to its respective reaction site. The sample volume is configured to undergo a biological reaction within the reaction site.

A device for base calling is provided. The device includes a receptacle configured to hold a biosensor having a sample surface holding a plurality of clusters during a sequence of sampling events, an array of sensors sensing information from clusters disposed in corresponding pixel areas of the sample surface during the sampling events and generate sequences of pixel signals and a communication port configured to output the sequences of pixel signals. The device also includes a signal processor coupled to the communication port and configured to receive and process at least one pixel signal in the sequences of pixel signals that mixes light gathered from at least two clusters in a corresponding pixel area, and to base call each of the at least two clusters using the at least one pixel signal.