An automated microscope slide staining system and staining apparatus and method that features a plurality of individually operable miniaturized pressurizable reaction compartments or a pressurizable common chamber for individually and independently processing a plurality of microscope slides. The apparatus preferably features independently movable slide support elements each having an individually operable heating element.

The invention relates to an integrated tubular reaction device, which comprises a reaction vessel, a reaction vessel including at least two tubular chambers, a channel connecting at least two tubular chambers and an opening; a cover body, which can be worked with the opening, and a cover body including a through hole; a seal, which includes a sealing plug which can be worked with the through hole. The integrated tubular reaction device solves the problem of contamination of reaction products in the process of multiple or multi-step biological enzyme reaction, and can realize multiple or multi-step biological enzyme reactions in the same device.

The present invention discloses a convective PCR apparatus by using a transparent conductive thin film to replace the traditional metal heater. The PCR reaction is activated when the container with reagents contacted the heated transparent conductive thin film and the temperature inside the container raised to initiate the convective circulation. Also, the present invention could apply for a quantitative PCR reaction by adding a specific probe, a fluorescent dye, a light source, or a photon receiver.

A sample carrier is used in a rotation-based method for reproducing or detecting DNA. The sample carrier has a disc-like main part and a plurality of cavities formed in the main part, in which cavities, a sample fluid at least potentially containing DNA is received. A disc side of the main part forms a heat entry side and the flat side facing away therefrom forms a heat discharge side. The cavity or one of a plurality of cavities, as applicable, is formed by an annular channel having a first and a second channel portion, which are fluidically connected at both longitudinal ends by a connection portion in each case. The first channel portion is arranged offset relative to the second channel portion in the thickness direction of the main part.

A reaction vessel comprises a lower chamber with a first volume, and an upper chamber with a second volume greater than the first volume. A thermocycling system for heating the reaction vessel includes a lower heating zone to heat the lower chamber, an upper heating zone to heat the upper chamber, and a lid heater to heat an opening of the upper chamber. A method comprises loading a sample into a lower chamber of a reaction vessel, thermocycling the lower chamber using a lower heating zone of the thermo cycler, combining an additive into the sample to produce a combination filling the lower chamber and at least partially filling an upper chamber of the reaction vessel, and incubating the upper and lower chambers using the lower heating zone and an upper heating zone. The lower and upper chambers can have different wall thicknesses to facilitate heat transfer.

A metal-oxide electron-beam evaporation source including a variable temperature control device according to the present invention includes: a crucible configured to store a deposition material which is formed of a metal oxide and over which an electron beam is directly scanned; N heating units provided in an outer portion of the crucible, dividing the crucible into N regions, and provided for N regions, respectively; and a control unit configured to control the N heating units so that a temperature of an upper region of the crucible is maintained to be higher than that of a lower region of the crucible to reduce a temperature difference between a region over which the electron beam is scanned and a region over which the electron beam is not scanned.

A method for multiplying DNA includes using a rotation device to rotate a sample carrier about an axis of rotation. The sample carrier has at least one cavity in which a sample liquid containing DNA is received. The cavity is heated to a high temperature value only on a heat input side lying in a rotation plane by using a heating device. As a result of the heating, a convection current is created in the sample liquid in the cavity, the convection current having substantial current components directed perpendicularly to the rotation plane. A circulation time of a liquid particle along a current path of the convection current is predetermined by the speed of the rotation. A rotation device for multiplying DNA and a system for multiplying DNA, are also provided.

There is provided a heating device to independently and/or effectively heat the micro objects manipulated by a micro apparatus/system, for example the droplets of fluids in an electrowetting on dielectric EWOD device of a microfluidic apparatus. The heating device may include a plurality of micro heaters arranged in an array of rows and columns, and the micro heaters of the heating device may be disposed in relative to the electrode elements of the EWOD device, respectively. Therefore, the micro heaters of the heating device may heat one of the electrode elements of the EWOD device, thereby preventing thermal effect of the micro object on the other electrode elements.

The invention relates to a temperature-control element (4) for a multiwell plate (1), which comprises a plurality of cavities (2) arranged in rows and columns for freezing and/or thawing biological samples. The temperature-control element (4) comprises a base body (6) which is made of a thermally conductive material and is flown through by a temperature-control fluid; and a plurality of protruding temperature-control fingers (5) arranged in rows and columns on an upper side of the base body (6), which are connected in a thermally conductive manner to the base body (6), wherein a grid spacing of the temperature control fingers (5) corresponds to a grid spacing of the cavities (2) of the multiwell plate (1). The invention further relates to a device and method for freezing biological samples, in particular for cryopreservation, and/or thawing biological samples, in particular a cryopreserved sample.

A hydrate production apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a main body unit having a reaction space in which a hydrate is produced therein; an inlet pipe unit connected to one side of the main body unit so as to introduce, into the reaction space, a host material and a guest material for producing the hydrate; an outlet pipe unit connected to the other side of the main body unit so as to discharge the hydrate produced in the reaction space to the outside; and a pulverizing device unit provided inside the reaction space so as to increase a reaction area for producing the hydrate by pulverizing, into fine-sized particles, an object to be pulverized, which is at least one of the introduced host material and guest material.