The invention relates to a comminuting device including a cylinder casing which surrounds a comminuting chamber, in which several rotors can be operated independently from each other with individual drives, said rotors being driven by concentric shafts which are arranged concentrically to the central axis (z) of the comminuting chamber, said concentric shafts having a central shaft and at least one outer hollow shaft surrounding said central shaft. At least one lubricant line for connecting to a lubricant supply is arranged in the central shaft and/or in a shaft casing, the lubricant line being connected by at least one radial lubricant through guide to at least one bearing of the rotors.

The invention relates to a comminution device for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates consisting of materials of varying density and/or consistency, including a comminution chamber having a supply side with a supply device above the comminution chamber and a discharge side, which comminution chamber is enclosed by a circular cylindrical and/or conical, downwardly widened comminution chamber wall and has at least two portions in succession in the axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor is arranged coaxial with the comminution chamber, each rotor having a rotor shaft and having striking tools which extend substantially radially into the comminution chamber at least during operation, the rotors having opposite directions of rotation in at least two successive portions, deflection ribs being arranged on the inside of the comminution chamber wall at axial intervals and/or the radius of the comminution chamber wall increases from top to bottom.

A hybrid twin process uses an independent mechanical destructive process and an illumination process to change of state of weed seeds to having reduced germination viability by illuminating a seed with at least one of 2 J/cm.sup.2 cumulative illumination energy, and 0.2 W/cm.sup.2 irradiance, but no more than 7 W/cm.sup.2 average irradiance, of at least one of an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution (IRID), and infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) radiation, preferably 2-8 microns. The process can be incorporated into a harvester combine to convert a tailings flow prior to discharge on an agricultural field. For the mechanical destructive process, high required applied energy, noise, wear, and difficulty treating impact-resistant seeds are avoided by modifying a driven load flow via increased capability of exposure to illumination and underdriving the mechanical destructive process. This can include randomization, rarefaction and enhanced circulation.

A counter-rotating pin mill for grinding food products includes a housing assembly comprising a first and a second housing part. A first and a second grinding shaft are arranged coaxially in the housing assembly on a grinding axis. A first grinding disk is arranged on an end of the first grinding shaft. A second grinding disk is arranged on an end of the second grinding shaft. The first and the second grinding disks are parallel to each other. A bearing device is formed by at least two slide assemblies arranged parallel with the grinding axis in the first housing part. The at least two slide assemblies comprises a slide bushing arranged in the first housing part and a slide axle guided in the slide bushing and being connected with the second housing part. The first and/or the second housing part is displaceable along the grinding axis via the bearing device.

Apparatus to reduce size of a light, dry, fibrous material, particularly straw, with a material supply area (1), an impeller (2) and a material release area (5) for the size reduced material as well as a ring element (4), which is arranged with a distance to the impeller (2), wherein least one size reduction tool (6) is provided at the impeller (2) and/or at the ring element (4), that is provided angular shaped, particularly L-shaped, or having the shape of a polygonal, particularly ashlar-formed, hollow profile or solid profile. Splitting particularly hard, closed fibrous structures such as nodes of straw can thereby be enabled to a major portion without excessive shortening of the straw.

A system processes seeds that are present in crop material. The system includes a first shearing surface, a second shearing surface arranged opposite the first shearing surface, and a clearance between the first shearing surface and the second shearing surface. The system passes crop material between the first and second shearing surfaces, where the crop material contacts the shearing surfaces as it passes through the shearing surfaces. Contact with the first and second shearing surfaces damages seeds that are present in the crop material. The system can be installed in an agricultural harvester to damage seeds that are present in crop residue to prevent the seeds from germinating after the crop residue is discharged from the agricultural harvester back into the field.

A hybrid twin process uses an independent mechanical destructive process and an illumination process to change of state of weed seeds to having reduced germination viability by illuminating a seed with at least one of 2 J/cm.sup.2 cumulative illumination energy, and 0.2 W/cm.sup.2 irradiance, but no more than 7 W/cm.sup.2 average irradiance, of at least one of an Indigo Region Illumination Distribution (IRID), and infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) radiation, preferably 2-8 microns. The process can be incorporated into a harvester combine to convert a tailings flow prior to discharge on an agricultural field. For the mechanical destructive process, high required applied energy, noise, wear, and difficulty treating impact-resistant seeds are avoided by modifying a driven load flow via increased capability of exposure to illumination and underdriving the mechanical destructive process. This can include randomization, rarefaction and enhanced circulation.

A system processes seeds that are present in crop material. The system includes a first shearing surface, a second shearing surface arranged opposite the first shearing surface, and a clearance between the first shearing surface and the second shearing surface. The system passes crop material between the first and second shearing surfaces, where the crop material contacts the shearing surfaces as it passes through the shearing surfaces. Contact with the first and second shearing surfaces damages seeds that are present in the crop material. The system can be installed in an agricultural harvester to damage seeds that are present in crop residue to prevent the seeds from germinating after the crop residue is discharged from the agricultural harvester back into the field.

The invention provides a counter-impact jet milling mechanism. The counter-impact jet milling mechanism comprises rotating members capable of rotating around an axis, and is characterized in that at least 4 circumferentially distributed grinding areas are arranged in the rotating members, a through path is formed between the outer edge of each of the grinding areas and the inner wall of each of the rotating members, and negative pressure blades, positive pressure blades and material diverters are arranged in each of the grinding areas. The invention further provides a counter-impact jet mill. The counter-impact jet mill comprises a motor, and is characterized in that the milling mechanism is coaxially installed on an output shaft of the motor, the milling mechanism is arranged in a shell, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively arranged on the shell, the feed port is communicated with the material inlet of the milling mechanism through a feed channel, and the discharge port is communicated with the material outlet of the milling mechanism through a discharge channel. The invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, conforming to environmental protection requirements, suitable for large-scale industrial production, and capable of producing fine powder to superfine powder having different requirements with no need for sectionalizers and induced draft fans.

A method and apparatus for a hammer mill's worn discs. The disc can be refurbished by removing a peripheral portion of the disc and placing a ring on the peripheral rim left on the disc. The ring preferably has a tapered, radially inwardly facing surface that abuts the peripheral rim of the disc to form annular gaps on both sides of the disc/ring junction. Molten metal, such as during a welding process, is placed in the annular gaps to form annular beads that mount the ring to the disc effectively as if the ring, beads and disc were one integral piece. The disc/ring combination is preferably heat-treated to metallurgically improve the disc in order to prepare the disc's peripheral edge, which is made up of the ring, for impacts during use.