An electrode for use in an electrostatic precipitator comprising a conductive central portion to which are attached a plurality of conductive disc-shaped elements each having sharp points spaced around its circumference and a plurality of openings near its center. The central portion passes through the centers of each thus locating them parallel to one another along the central portion. The disc-shaped elements are conical or convex in shape, and oriented with their rims raised above their centers so that any water that collects on them runs out through the openings and down the central portion of the electrode thus reducing or eliminating arcing between the electrode and a collector in the electrostatic precipitator. A high voltage feedthrough and the electrode assembly are configured as one contiguous chamber with holes around the interior walls of the high voltage feedthrough to alternately receive liquid and gas.

A light source apparatus (200) includes a gas discharge stage (210) and a metal fluoride trap (300). The gas discharge stage includes an optical amplifier (206) and a set of optical elements (250, 260). The optical amplifier includes a chamber (211) configured to hold a gas discharge medium (213), the gas discharge medium outputting a light beam. The set of optical elements is configured to form an optical resonator around the optical amplifier. The metal fluoride trap is configured to trap metal fluoride dust generated from the gas discharge stage. The metal fluoride trap includes an electrostatic precipitator (320) and a packed-bed filter (400, 402, 404) disposed around the electrostatic precipitator. The packed-bed filter includes a plurality of beads configured (406, 408) to absorb metal fluoride dust (208).

A light source apparatus (200) includes a gas discharge stage (210) and a metal fluoride trap (300). The gas discharge stage includes an optical amplifier (206) and a set of optical elements (250, 260). The optical amplifier includes a chamber (211) configured to hold a gas discharge medium (213), the gas discharge medium outputting a light beam. The set of optical elements is configured to form an optical resonator around the optical amplifier. The metal fluoride trap is configured to trap metal fluoride dust generated from the gas discharge stage. The metal fluoride trap includes an electrostatic precipitator (320) and a packed-bed filter (400, 402, 404) disposed around the electrostatic precipitator. The packed-bed filter includes a plurality of beads configured (406, 408) to absorb metal fluoride dust (208).

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring particle concentrations in an aerosol. The apparatus comprises means (103) for driving flow (105) into apparatus (101), means (115) for electrically charging particles (109) to become electrically charged particles (123) by ions (113) produced by a charger, means (117) for removing free ions (113) which are not attached to the electrically charged particles (123), and means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123). The means (115) for charging the particles and the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) are dimensioned such that the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) only measures a part of a total current carried by the particles.

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring particle concentrations in an aerosol. The apparatus comprises means (103) for driving flow (105) into apparatus (101), means (115) for electrically charging particles (109) to become electrically charged particles (123) by ions (113) produced by a charger, means (117) for removing free ions (113) which are not attached to the electrically charged particles (123), and means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123). The means (115) for charging the particles and the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) are dimensioned such that the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) only measures a part of a total current carried by the particles.

An electrostatic precipitator includes: a chamber having an inlet configured to receive an effluent stream for treatment and an outlet configured to convey a treated effluent stream; and an electrode structure housed within the chamber, the electrode structure being operable to generate a corona for treating the effluent stream to produce the treated effluent stream, wherein the electrode structure includes a comb structure having a shaft and a plurality of teeth extending from the shaft, the corona being generated at a free tip of each tooth in response to a voltage when applied across the electrode structure and the chamber The electrode teeth provide a reduced area from which the corona is generated, thereby improving the corona, but also the reduced size of the electrode teeth compared to existing electrode structures provides a reduced area for the accumulation of particulates and facilitates the shedding of those particulates from the electrodes.

A device for realizing surface cleaning of an optical element by ion wind and electrostatic coupling, comprising a fixing support, an optical element, an ion wind system, an electrostatic adsorption system, and a particle contaminant storage box; the ion wind system comprises an air knife, an ion bar, an ion bar support, a connecting sheet, and a three-degree-of-freedom combined displacement stage; the electrostatic adsorption system comprises rod-shaped electrodes, electrode fixing supports and a manual displacement stage; the particle contaminant storage box is connected to a working surface by means of storage box supports, and an included angle between the particle contaminant storage box and the storage box supports is 135 degrees.

A device for realizing surface cleaning of an optical element by ion wind and electrostatic coupling, comprising a fixing support, an optical element, an ion wind system, an electrostatic adsorption system, and a particle contaminant storage box; the ion wind system comprises an air knife, an ion bar, an ion bar support, a connecting sheet, and a three-degree-of-freedom combined displacement stage; the electrostatic adsorption system comprises rod-shaped electrodes, electrode fixing supports and a manual displacement stage; the particle contaminant storage box is connected to a working surface by means of storage box supports, and an included angle between the particle contaminant storage box and the storage box supports is 135 degrees.

A non-exhaust fine dust collecting apparatus using friction electricity is disclosed. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a non-exhaust fine dust collecting apparatus using friction electricity, including: an air pipe mounted in a vehicle and provided with an inlet through which fine dust generated in a vehicle and charged with a first polarity flows together with air; and a dust collector mounted at a side of an outlet of the air pipe and charged with a second polarity that is opposite to the first polarity to collect the fine dust charged with the first polarity.

An aspirating smoke sensing device, method, and apparatus for fire detection are provided, and the device is provided with a charger (2), a charge collector (3), a controller (4), an air intake structure (1), and a negative pressure source for air path detection (9). The air intake structure (1) is communicated with an input port of the charger (2), an output port of the charger (2) is communicated with the charge collector (3), an output port of the charge collector (3) is communicated with the negative pressure source for air path detection (9), and the controller (4) is electrically connected to the charge collector (3).