Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.

An electrostatic centrifugal spraying system for direct electrification includes a tank configured to store liquid. The tank includes an internal dielectric surface and an external conducting surface, wherein when the liquid is stored in the tank, the tank is configured to act as a capacitor storing electrical energy for electrostatic spraying. The spraying system further includes a power supply, configured to electrify liquid drops of the stored liquid, and a spray nozzle, comprising a spray disk for blowing the electrified liquid drops unto a target.

The present invention provides an electrostatic atomizer which can be inspected at low cost. The electrostatic atomizer includes: a PWM signal generating section (27) which generates a PWM signal for controlling a high voltage generating device (22); an identifying section (28) which identifies an on-time of a PWM signal during a certain time; and a reporting section (33) which causes a report to be sent out of the electrostatic atomizer in a case where the on-time identified by the identifying section (28) is larger than a certain value.

A handheld device for producing electrospun fibrous mat comprises: a housing configured to be handheld by a user; a container accommodating at least one electrospinning medium; at least a nozzle in fluid communication with the container; a mechanism dispensing the medium from the container via said nozzle; an auxiliary electrode surrounding the nozzle; and a power supply providing electric potentials to the nozzle and the auxiliary electrode. The housing comprises an electrically conductive portion configured to be gripped by the user during operation. The electrically conductive portion is connected to the power supply.

A method for producing a film of the present invention includes the step of electrostatically spraying a liquid composition directly on the surface of skin using an electrostatic spray device to form a film on the skin. The electrostatic spray device includes a container capable of storing the liquid composition, a nozzle configured to eject the liquid composition, a power supply configured to apply a voltage to the nozzle, and a voltage stabilizer configured to stabilize the voltage applied by the power supply to the nozzle. The liquid composition contains component (a): one or more volatile substances selected from alcohols and ketones, and component (b): a polymer having film formability.

Disclosed herein are nano-encapsulated compositions and systems and methods of preparing the same. The compositions may be obtained through co-axial electrospraying with pulsating voltage. The nano-encapsulated composition exhibit improved pharmacokinetic properties. Various embodiments include systems and methods that apply a constant voltage and/or a pulsating voltage at a frequency to a plate having co-axial outlets through which a core solution and capsule solution flow. In some implementations, the pulsating voltage fluctuates between a minimum pulsating voltage and a maximum pulsating voltage, wherein the minimum pulsating voltage is 0 KV or greater and the maximum pulsating voltage is greater than 0 KV and the minimum pulsating voltage. The constant voltage is greater than 0 KV, and a total maximum applied voltage to the plate is the sum of the maximum pulsating voltage and the constant voltage.

A voltage application device includes a voltage application circuit. The voltage application circuit applies application voltage between discharge electrode and counter electrode which face each other with a clearance left from each other to generate a discharge. The voltage application device forms discharge path partially and dielectrically broken between discharge electrode and counter electrode when a discharge is generated. Discharge path includes first dielectric breakdown region formed around discharge electrode, and second dielectric breakdown region formed around counter electrode.

An apparatus includes a catheter, and an electrode and methods of delivering molecules to eukaryotic cells using such an apparatus. The catheter defines a fluidic channel and has a distal opening. The electrode is within the fluidic channel and is spaced a distance from the distal opening of the catheter. The catheter is arranged to prevent direct contact between any electrode of the apparatus and tissue. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

A liquid spraying system having an electrically operated pulse width modulation control for directing a modulated liquid discharge based upon frequency and duty cycle of a reciprocally operated liquid control valve. The spray nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body having an inwardly converging conical chamber communicating between an upstream liquid directing plate and a downstream liquid discharge passage. The liquid directing plate is formed with a one or more rings of circumferentially spaced liquid directing passages angularly oriented with respect to a central liquid flow axis of the nozzle body for directing liquid discharging from said nozzle body discharge passage into a predetermined conical spray pattern.

A voltage application device includes a voltage application circuit. The voltage application circuit applies application voltage between discharge electrode and counter electrode which face each other with a clearance left from each other to generate a discharge. The voltage application device forms discharge path partially and dielectrically broken between discharge electrode and counter electrode when a discharge is generated. Discharge path includes first dielectric breakdown region formed around discharge electrode, and second dielectric breakdown region formed around counter electrode.