A method of producing a substrate includes: applying a composition on a metal basal plate to form a coating film; and forming a metal-containing layer on at least a part of the coating film. The composition contains a solvent, and a polymer having a first terminal structure and a second terminal structure in a single molecule. Each of the first terminal structure and the second terminal structure is at least one selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by formula (1) and a structure represented by formula (2). A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent a monovalent group having a functional group capable of forming a chemical bond with a metal atom. L.sup.2 represents —S—, —NR—, or —NA.sup.22-, wherein A.sup.22 represents a monovalent group having a functional group capable of forming a chemical bond with a metal atom. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to a wide slot die for applying a fluid provided with particles, having a die body. The die body comprises a die interior chamber for receiving the fluid provided with particles. The fluid provided with the particles can be discharged via a die gap, which is bounded by two walls, onto a substrate which is in motion relative to the wide slot die in a transport direction. A vibration device is mechanically coupled to the die body in order to vibrate the die gap and the fluid located in the die interior chamber and provided with the particles. The vibration device is adapted to excite the die body with an upper limit frequency of at most 1 kHz.

The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing a monomolecular nano-thin film, including: coating, on a substrate, a dispersion solution containing a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and performing annealing to the coated substrate: ##STR00001## in the above Chemical Formula 1, X and Y are each independently nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, or oxygen, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, oxygen, a hydroxy group (—OH), or a linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl group.

Highly efficient, multi-functional anti-icing compositions and methods of their use are provided. Anti-icing compositions include hydrogels configured to form thin film coatings on various surfaces via spin coating under UV irradiation. Multifunctional anti-icing platforms are based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-grafted polyelectrolyte hydrogels. Methods for grafting hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chains onto a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte network containing various counterions, forming a multifunctional hybrid anti-icing hydrogel are also provided.

A modification method of a surface of a substrate includes: applying a composition on a surface of a metal substrate, and heating a coating film formed by the applying, wherein the composition contains: a polymer having a first structural unit that includes an aromatic ring, and a second structural unit that includes an ethylenic double bond; a thermal acid generating agent; and a solvent, wherein the polymer has a functional group capable of bonding to a metal atom in the metal substrate.

A film forming method includes preparing a substrate having a first region in which a metal film or an oxide film of the metal film is exposed, and a second region in which an insulating film is exposed, supplying, to the substrate, an organic compound containing, in a head group, a triple bond between carbon atoms represented by Chemical Formula (1) described in the specification, causing the organic compound to be selectively adsorbed in the first region among the first region and the second region, and cleaving the triple bond in the first region and forming a hydrophobic film having a honeycomb structure of carbon atoms through polymerization.

A method for producing secondary battery electrodes includes a step of preparing a moisture powder formed of aggregated particles that contain a plurality of electrode active material particles, a binder resin, and solvent, wherein the solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase in at least 50 number % or more of the aggregated particles in the moisture powder form a pendular state or a funicular state; a step of forming a coating film composed of the moisture powder on an electrode current collector, while the gas phase remains present; a step of forming a depression in the coating film by carrying out, using a die having an elevation of prescribed height, depression/elevation transfer into the coating film; and a step of carrying out depression/elevation transfer, using a die having an elevation higher than the elevation of prescribed height, by pressing the higher elevation into the depression that has been formed.

A substrate includes a metal component on a surface. A polymeric layer is deposited on the surface using molecular layer deposition. The polymeric layer includes a metalcone and has a thickness from 1 nm to 20 nm. The polymeric layer is stable at room temperature, but will undergo a structural change at high temperatures. The polymeric layer can be annealed to cause a structural change, which can occur during soldering.

Provided are certain silicon precursor compounds which are useful in the formation of silicon-containing films in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and more specifically to compositions and methods for forming such silicon-containing films, such as films comprising silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon dioxide, a carbon-doped silicon nitride, or a carbon-doped silicon oxynitride film.

Razor blades with two or more materials and/or methods of fabricating the same. In one example, a bimetal razor blade can comprise a blade body and a blade edge. The blade body can have a length and a width. The blade body can be formed of a first substrate portion comprising a first material having a first hardness. The blade edge can extend along the length. The blade edge can be formed of a second substrate portion coupled to the first substrate portion. The second substrate portion can comprise a second material having a second hardness that is distinct from the first hardness. The first and second materials can be metals.