Provided is a hard coat laminate having excellent abrasion resistance and heat resistance. The hard coat laminate includes: a substrate; and a base layer disposed on one main surface side of the substrate, in which the base layer contains inorganic nanoparticles, the base layer contains oxygen atoms, carbon atoms, and silicon atoms, the base layer has, on a surface side opposite to the substrate, a first region in which a compositional ratio of carbon atoms to all elements excluding hydrogen decreases as a distance from the substrate increases, in a region other than the first region of the base layer, a compositional ratio of carbon atoms to all elements excluding hydrogen is 5 atom % to 40 atom %, and a compositional ratio of carbon atoms on a surface of the first region is 1 atom % or less.

A polylactic acid formed body including a polylactic acid base material (1) and a hydrocarbon film (3) vapor-deposited on the surface of the base material by a plasma CVD method. The polylactic acid base material (1) exhibits a sharp X-ray diffraction peak in which a half-width of peak appearing in the 10°-25° wide angle X-ray measurement is not more than 1.22°, and the hydrocarbon film (3) is vapor-deposited on the surface of the polylactic acid base material (1), and includes two layers of a high CH.sub.2 layer (3a) having a ratio of CH.sub.2 per the total of CH, CH.sub.2 and CH.sub.3 of not less than 40% and a low CH.sub.2 layer (3b) formed on the high CH.sub.2 layer (3a) and having a ratio of CH.sub.2 per the total of CH, CH.sub.2 and CH.sub.3 of not more than 35%.

Provided is an icephobic coating composition comprising an epoxy resin comprising poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde and a curing agent; a fluoro-substituted poly(alkyl siloxane) resin; and a solvent mixture comprising a first solvent with Hansen solubility parameters of 14≤δ.sub.D≤17, 6≤δ.sub.P≤13, and 4≤δ.sub.H≤8; and a second solvent with Hansen solubility parameters of 16≤δ.sub.D≤19, 4≤δ.sub.P≤9, and 11≤δ.sub.H≤15. Further provided is a coated filter comprising a porous medium having an upstream surface and a downstream surface, in which at least the upstream surface has a coating formed from the coating composition. Coated articles and methods of forming coated articles and inhibiting ice formation also are described.

A coating including a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles, a binder, and a wetting agent. A sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating including: a sulfidation corrosion mitigation material, a binder, and a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles. An article including a metal alloy substrate having the sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating thereon is also provided. The sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating can include a first indicator layer containing indicator oxide nanoparticles disposed on the surface of the metal alloy substrate. Methods for inspection of an article having a coating containing a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles is also provided.

Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to index-gradient antireflective coatings that include a differential concentration of nanovoids versus thickness of the coating. In one embodiment, an index-gradient antireflective coating may have an index of refraction that varies from a first value to that of a second material. In another embodiment, the substrate may be optically transparent, and made of, for example, polymer, glass, or ceramics. The index-gradient antireflective coating can be fabricated using a non-uniform spin-coating process, by successive thermal evaporation, or by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. In another embodiment, the spin-coating process can include multiple steps that include different concentrations of monomers to solvent, different spin-speeds, or different annealing times/temperatures. Similarly, the thermal evaporation can include multiple steps that include different concentrations of monomers, initiators, solvents, and associated processing parameters. Various other methods, systems, apparatuses, and materials are also disclosed.

A method for imparting an optical element with at least one light influencing property in a gradient pattern. The method includes (a) providing an optical substrate having first and second surfaces; (b) depositing a first composition over the first surface of the optical substrate so as to provide a first treated surface region and an untreated surface region, the first composition including a material which provides a light influencing property; (c) depositing a second composition over the optical substrate of (b) to provide a second treated surface region over the untreated surface region and over a portion of the first treated surface region to form a first overlap region; and (d) spinning the optical substrate of (c) thereby providing the optical element having a light influencing property in a gradient pattern.

Durable antibacterial coatings are prepared by inter-diffusing zwitterionic polyurethane in acrylic polyurethane. Bacterial attachment is substantially eliminated from the surface of the coatings due to the hydrophilicity of the zwitterionic polyurethane. Long-term antibacterial properties were observed for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria even when the coatings were constantly challenged by mechanical abrasion.

Provided is an icephobic coating composition comprising an epoxy resin comprising poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde and a curing agent; a fluoro-substituted poly(alkyl siloxane) resin; and a solvent mixture comprising a first solvent with Hansen solubility parameters of 14≤δ.sub.D≤17, 6≤δ.sub.P≤13, and 4≤δ.sub.H≤8; and a second solvent with Hansen solubility parameters of 16≤δ.sub.D≤19, 4≤δ.sub.P≤9, and 11≤δ.sub.H≤15. Further provided is a coated filter comprising a porous medium having an upstream surface and a downstream surface, in which at least the upstream surface has a coating formed from the coating composition. Coated articles and methods of forming coated articles and inhibiting ice formation also are described.

With a view to simultaneously achieving reduction in sputter adhesion to an electronic article and improvement in durability required for maintenance of a film, the electronic article (10) has a film (3) which is formed on the surface of an underlayer member (1) and which is composed of a calcined and cured product of a film solution of a binder resin comprising a fluorine-based resin and a ceramic filler, wherein the fluorine-based resin is distributed increasingly more in the film (3) toward the surface on the side opposite to the underlayer member (1).

Durable antibacterial coatings are prepared by inter-diffusing zwitterionic polyurethane in acrylic polyurethane. Bacterial attachment is substantially eliminated from the surface of the coatings due to the hydrophilicity of the zwitterionic polyurethane. Long-term antibacterial properties were observed for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria even when the coatings were constantly challenged by mechanical abrasion.