A liquid repellent structure includes a surface to which liquid repellency is to be imparted, and a liquid repellent layer formed on the surface. In the structure: the liquid repellent layer contains a binder resin containing a fluorine-containing resin, and a filler dispersed in the binder resin; the filler contains a first filler having a BET specific surface area M of 100 m.sup.2/g to 400 m.sup.2/g; and the ratio M/F of the BET specific surface area M of the first filler to a mass F (mass %) of the fluorine-containing resin relative to the total mass of the liquid repellent layer is 4.1 to 20.0.

coating film having excellent adhesion, even without the presence of a chemical conversion film treatment out as an undercoat and a metal automotive part having the coating film.

A powder is deposited by powder-coating onto the surface of a metal automotive part that has been quenched after simultaneously forging, and tempering the metal automotive part and bake-hardening the deposited powder to form a skin film on the surface of the metal automotive part. The surface of the metal automotive part before the powder is powder-coated thereon is a work-hardened material surface that has been not been subjected to a chemical conversion filming treatment.

A water-repellent coat according to the present disclosure includes: an undercoat layer that is formed on a surface of a base material and contains a base resin, at least one kind of spherical particles, and water-repellent particles, the at least one kind of spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 2 μm or more and 1000 μm or less and being selected from the group consisting of spherical molten silica particles, spherical molten alumina particles, and spherical silicone resin particles, the water-repellent particles having an average particle diameter of 5 nm or more and 30 nm or less; and a topcoat layer formed on the undercoat layer and containing a water-repellent resin and the water-repellent particles contained in the undercoat layer.

Provided is a thermally conductive and electrically insulating paint composition, and an exterior steel sheet for a solar cell, comprising same. Specifically, the thermally conductive and electrically insulating paint composition includes: a first mixture, which comprises a thermoplastic resin and a thermally conductive filler, a polymer dispersant, and a first hydrocarbon-based solvent; and an exterior steel sheet for a solar cell, comprising: a steel sheet on which a heat dissipation layer is formed on one surface thereof; and a thermally conductive and electrically insulating coating layer which comprises a thermoplastic resin, a thermally conductive filler and a polymer dispersant, and which is formed on the other surface of the steel sheet, wherein the thermally conductive filler is dispersed in the coating layer in a form of being encompassed by the polymer dispersant.

A manufacturing method of an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film based on a solution method is disclosed. The manufacturing method includes: a step of providing an array substrate; a step of obtaining a dispersion solution by mixing ITO grains, an organic small molecule phase transfer agent, and an N-chlorosuccinimide (NCs) solution; a step of obtaining uniformly assembled ITO grains by coating the dispersion solution onto a passivation layer and baking to remove the organic small molecule phase transfer agent; and a step of obtaining the ITO thin film by annealing at an inert atmosphere to refine the ITO grains.

Methods for treating cellulosic materials comprising introducing a liquid treating composition into the cellulosic material, the treating composition comprising a solution prepared from at least: (i) one or more of a copper amine complex or copper ammine complex, such as copper tetraamine carbonate, (ii) one or more of ammonia or a water-soluble amine and (iii) water; and exposing the cellulosic material provided thereby to carbon dioxide and/or carbonic acid to provide treated cellulosic material, and treated cellulosic materials prepared thereby.

An aqueous white conductive primer coating composition, includes: a binder component (A); and a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid (B); and a coating film formed by the aqueous white conductive primer coating composition has an L* value of whiteness based on a CIE color-matching function of 80 or more and a surface resistivity of 10.sup.8 Ω/□ or less.

A superhydrophobic coating having a three-dimensional porous nanocomposite structure, includes: a constructing unit and a bonding unit; the constructing unit comprises inorganic hydrophobic nanoparticles, the bonding unit comprises hydrophobic polymer nanomicrospheres, and the inorganic hydrophobic nanoparticles and the hydrophobic polymer nanomicrospheres are interconnected to form uniform pores. A method for preparation of the superhydrophobic coating includes: mixing the inorganic hydrophobic nanoparticles with the hydrophobic polymer nanomicrospheres in a dispersant to form a coating solution; and coating the coating solution on the surface of a substrate using a dip coating, roll coating or spray coating process, and drying to form the superhydrophobic coating of a three-dimensional porous nanocomposite structure.

To retain voids in a paint film even if the paint film is subjected to pressure during storage, transportation, and press working. A pre-painted metal sheet according to the present invention includes: a metal sheet; and a void-containing paint film, which is located on at least one surface of the metal sheet, with dispersed fine particles and voids, wherein when a cross-section of the void-containing paint film cut in a thickness direction of the void-containing paint film is observed, the voids are present in 40 to 95 area % of a total area of the cross-section of the void-containing paint film when an average particle diameter of the fine particles is t [μm] and an average film thickness of the void-containing paint film is T [μm], a ratio t/T is in a range of 0.7 to 3.0, and an elastic modulus of the fine particles, when compressed by 10% from the thickness direction, is 30 MPa or more.

An apparatus and manufacturing method include a coating, including graphene particles, sprayed or rolled onto a base material. In another aspect, a coating, including antimicrobial or antiviral material, is sprayed or rolled onto a base material. A further aspect applies an antimicrobial material within a polymeric matrix onto a vehicular interior trim panel apparatus by roll-coating or spraying.