There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising applying a first mixture where the first mixture reacts to form covalent bonds to the substrate surface and where the unreacted parts of the first mixture undergo diffusive mixing with a second layer, which is applied on top of the first mixture. This avoids creation of a weak layer, which may otherwise give lower adhesion. The adhesion as well as mechanical properties including the scratch resistance are improved.

An ultraviolet curing apparatus having: a roller for guiding a film coated with a resin; a first nitrogen gas introduction port and a second nitrogen gas introduction port for introducing nitrogen gas; a UV irradiation portion for irradiating the film with ultraviolet rays from between the first nitrogen gas introduction port and the second nitrogen gas introduction port; an oxygen concentration meter for measuring an oxygen concentration between the film and the UV irradiation portion; an air introduction port for introducing air between the film and the UV irradiation portion; and a controller for controlling at least any one of: an amount of air introduced from the air introduction port, an amount of nitrogen gas introduced from the first nitrogen gas introduction port, and an amount of nitrogen gas introduced from the second nitrogen gas introduction port, so that the oxygen concentration is within a preset oxygen concentration set range.

The present invention relates to the field of magnetic assemblies, magnetic apparatuses and processes for producing optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate and providing an impression of a crescent moon-shaped element moving or rotating upon tilting the optical effect layer (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to magnetic assemblies, magnetic apparatuses and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.

Described are techniques for applying a cured polymeric blanket coating onto a surface, specifically for applying a blanket-coated cured polymeric coating onto a surface of a substrate that is useful as an electrostatic chuck for processing semiconductor wafers.

Described are techniques for applying a cured polymeric blanket coating onto a surface, specifically for applying a blanket-coated cured polymeric coating onto a surface of a substrate that is useful as an electrostatic chuck for processing semiconductor wafers.

Disclosed is a glass-based flexible cover window with improved strength including a planar portion formed so as to correspond to a planar region of a flexible display and a folding portion formed so as to be connected to the planar portion, the folding portion being formed so as to correspond to a folding region of the flexible display, wherein the flexible cover window includes a glass substrate and a polyimide (PI) coating layer formed on the glass substrate. The PI coating layer is formed on the glass substrate by direct coating, whereby inherent texture of glass is maintained while the overall thickness of the flexible cover window is reduced, and therefore aesthetics of the flexible cover window are improved.

Analyte sensors and methods of manufacturing same are provided, including analyte sensors comprising multi-axis flexibility. For example, a multi-electrode sensor system 800 comprising two working electrodes and at least one reference/counter electrode is provided. The sensor system 800 comprises first and second elongated bodies E1, E2, each formed of a conductive core or of a core with a conductive layer deposited thereon, insulating layer 810 that separates the conductive layer 820 from the elongated body, a membrane layer deposited on top of the elongated bodies E1, E2, and working electrodes 802′, 802″ formed by removing portions of the conductive layer 820 and the insulating layer 810, thereby exposing electroactive surface of the elongated bodies E1, E2.

UV curable coatings containing dual phase filler-polymer compositions with high resistivity, low dielectric constant, good optical density, and controlled electrical resistivity are described, and cured coatings or films formed thereof, along with their use in black matrix, black column spacers, and other light shielding coating elements in LCD. Devices having these black matrices, black column spacers, and/or other light shielding coating elements, and methods of preparing and making these various materials and products are also described.

Method for fabrication of vector vortex waveplates of improved quality due to reduced singularity size and widened spectral band, the method comprising creating a boundary condition for vortex orientation pattern of a liquid crystal polymer on a substrate using materials with reversible photoalignment, equalizing exposure energy over the area of the waveplate by redistributing the energy of radiation used for photoalignment from the center of the beam to its peripheries, and using vector vortex waveplate as a linear-to-axial polarization converter. Fabrication of spectrally broadband vector vortex waveplates further comprises two or more liquid crystal polymer layers with opposite sign of twist.

Method for fabrication of vector vortex waveplates of improved quality due to reduced singularity size and widened spectral band, the method comprising creating a boundary condition for vortex orientation pattern of a liquid crystal polymer on a substrate using materials with reversible photoalignment, equalizing exposure energy over the area of the waveplate by redistributing the energy of radiation used for photoalignment from the center of the beam to its peripheries, and using vector vortex waveplate as a linear-to-axial polarization converter. Fabrication of spectrally broadband vector vortex waveplates further comprises two or more liquid crystal polymer layers with opposite sign of twist.