Methods and systems for reclaiming materials from a mixed waste landfill containing coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) are disclosed. The methods and systems can be used to reclaim CCBs from ponds or dry landfills by obtaining mixed waste, crushing the mixed waste to form crushed mixed waste, drying the crushed mixed waste to form dried crushed mixed waste, and combining the dried crushed mixed waste with other compounds to form a blend. The blends can then be incorporated into a cement material, which may be used to form concrete.

This invention provides a co-disposal pollution control method of municipal solid waste and fly ash leached by membrane concentrate, obtained residue and application thereof. A co-disposal pollution control method of municipal solid waste and fly ash leached by membrane concentrate, comprising the following steps: heat treating the mixture of leached ash and municipal solid waste at 800-1100° C. to obtain residue; the leaching ash is fly ash after being leached with membrane concentrate. The invention solves the problems existed in the co-disposal treatment of membrane concentrate, incineration fly ash and municipal solid waste, and the leaching toxicity of the ash leached by the membrane concentrated solution is reduced, moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metals in the residue obtained after the leaching treatment is treated with municipal solid waste at medium and high temperature, and the residue obtained after heat treatment can be used as building materials.

A silica aggregate includes primary silica particles aggregated, the primary silica particles having an average particle size of 1 nm or more and less than 10 nm, the primary silica particles being crosslinked to each other by a bond containing a siloxane bond.

A curing agent for disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and a preparation method and use method thereof are provided. In the present disclosure, a loofah nanofiber crystal, a rice husk ash (RHA), sodium hydroxide, and water are adopted as raw materials to prepare the curing agent, and the curing agent can effectively realize the safe disposal and curing of heavy metals in an MSWI fly ash. The highest curing rates of the curing agent for heavy metals Pb.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Cr.sup.3+, and Cu.sup.2+ can reach 99.7%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 98.7%, and 99.5%, respectively. The special three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network structure of the loofah nanofiber crystal and the excellent physical and chemical adsorption properties and ion exchange capacity of the RHA are fully used in the curing agent of the present disclosure.

A curing agent for disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and a preparation method and use method thereof are provided. In the present disclosure, a loofah nanofiber crystal, a rice husk ash (RHA), sodium hydroxide, and water are adopted as raw materials to prepare the curing agent, and the curing agent can effectively realize the safe disposal and curing of heavy metals in an MSWI fly ash. The highest curing rates of the curing agent for heavy metals Pb.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Cr.sup.3+, and Cu.sup.2+ can reach 99.7%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 98.7%, and 99.5%, respectively. The special three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network structure of the loofah nanofiber crystal and the excellent physical and chemical adsorption properties and ion exchange capacity of the RHA are fully used in the curing agent of the present disclosure.

A method of recovering fly ash, including a firing step in which raw fly ash powder containing unburned carbon is fired to remove the unburned carbon by burning; measuring the content of unburned carbon in the raw fly ash powder; and obtaining a fine fly ash powder which is a component under a sieve and has a decreased content of unburned carbon as a result of sieve-classifying the raw fly ash powder. The perforation size of the sieve used in the sieve-classifying step is set depending upon the content of unburned carbon in the raw fly ash powder. The sieve has a small perforation size when the content of unburned carbon is large, and the sieve has a large perforation size when the content of unburned carbon is small. The fine fly ash powder, which is the component under the sieve, is recovered through the firing step.

A combustion ash handling method of handling combustion ash discharged from a combustion furnace that combusts a petroleum-based fuel includes: separating the combustion ash into a heavy component and a light component by a dry-type separation technique; feeding the light component to the combustion furnace as a fuel; and recovering the heavy component. A metal such as vanadium is separated and extracted from the heavy component of the combustion ash.

A process for reforming the fly ash by heating a raw fly ash powder that contains the unburned carbon and thereby decreasing the content of the unburned carbon, characterized in that (a) as means for heating the raw fly ash powder, use is made of a heating unit that heats the raw fly ash powder by passing it through a heated medium-fluidized bed, (b) a high-temperature gas stream is passed through the heating unit to form the heated medium-fluidized bed and to fluidize and convey the raw fly ash powder that is thrown into the medium-fluidized bed, (c) the flow rate of the high-temperature gas stream is so set that the raw fly ash powder thrown into the heating unit is all heated in the medium-fluidized bed and is taken out from a take-out port provided at an upper part of the heating unit but that the particulate medium forming the medium-fluidized bed is not discharged from the take-out port, (d) the fly ash powder after heated and discharged from the take-out port of the heating unit is introduced into an air classifier where it is separated into a fine powder and a coarse powder, (e) the fine powder separated by the air classifier is recovered as the reformed fly ash, and (f) the coarse powder separated by the air classifier is measured for its content of the unburned carbon and when the measured value is larger than a predetermined threshold value, the coarse powder is introduced again into the heating unit so as to be heated again and when the measured value is smaller than the threshold value, the powder is recovered as the reformed fly ash.

A method for simultaneously drying and carbonating a mineral waste material that includes carbonatable calcium and/or magnesium compounds and/or silicate, aluminate or silicate-aluminate phases in a spray dryer, wherein a starting material slurry is provided including the mineral waste material in the form of particles with a D90500 m and at least 30 wt.-% water, a hot gas is provided including at least 4 Vol.-% CO.sub.2 and fed into the spray dryer, the starting material slurry is sprayed into the hot gas in the spray dryer wherein a temperature of 100 C. and a relative humidity of <50% are adjusted in the spray dryer, the starting material slurry is transformed into evaporated water and a dry, carbonated product comprising calcium carbonate and/or one of silica gel or alumina gel or silica-alumina gel, and the dry, carbonated product is separated from the gas and evaporated water.

A resource recovery method and a resource recovery system of desulfurized ash. The resource recovery method includes washing desulfurized ash with water, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain solid residues rich in calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate and a solution rich in calcium hydroxide; preparing the solution into desulfurization slurry; and roasting the solid residues under the action of a reducing agent to obtain flue gas rich in sulfur dioxide and residues rich in calcium oxide. Therefore, the recovery of sulfur and calcium in the desulfurized ash is realized, and no solid waste, liquid waste, gas waste, etc. are produced in the process.