The present disclosure is directed to methods of remediating contaminated soil. The methods may include mixing an oxidant, a catalyst, and optionally a phase transfer agent to form an oxidant mixture, applying the oxidant mixture onto the contaminated soil, washing the contaminated soil with a washing solution, inserting vacuum pipes into the contaminated soil, and vacuuming the contaminated soil to remove at least one of the oxidation mixture, contaminants, or oxidation products.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of remediating contaminated soil. The methods may include mixing an oxidant, a catalyst, and optionally a phase transfer agent to form an oxidant mixture, applying the oxidant mixture onto the contaminated soil, washing the contaminated soil with a washing solution, inserting vacuum pipes into the contaminated soil, and vacuuming the contaminated soil to remove at least one of the oxidation mixture, contaminants, or oxidation products.

An apparatus for removing mineral particles from loaded engineered collection media includes one or more solvents with sufficiently low surface tension. The engineered collection media are made of a synthetic material and have a surface coated with a hydrophobic material to provide a chemical bond between the mineral particles and the surface. The solvents together with a releasing mechanism are arranged to disrupt the chemical bond. Preferably, a surfactant or a nonionic surfactant is also added to the solvents.

A method of treating contaminated materials such as oil and gas production waste sludges to recover crude oil hydrocarbons. The method includes the inversion of water-in-oil emulsions, and subsequent separation steps. These may involve the separation and removal of asphaltenes, petroleum waxes and/or solid particles from the crude oil hydrocarbons. The treatment method uses the physical phenomena of hydrodynamic cavitation and hydraulic shock, which produce different effects upon a mixture of water and the contaminated material being treated. These are deployed either as single or combined stage(s) of treatment or as a repeated series of single/combined treatment stages, with or without additional processing operations between each single/combined treatment stage. The method may be implemented with suitable plant including hydrodynamic cavitation units (103, 106) and hydraulic shock units (104, 107), followed by separators (105, 108).

A method of treating contaminated materials such as oil and gas production waste sludges to recover crude oil hydrocarbons. The method includes the inversion of water-in-oil emulsions, and subsequent separation steps. These may involve the separation and removal of asphaltenes, petroleum waxes and/or solid particles from the crude oil hydrocarbons. The treatment method uses the physical phenomena of hydrodynamic cavitation and hydraulic shock, which produce different effects upon a mixture of water and the contaminated material being treated. These are deployed either as single or combined stage(s) of treatment or as a repeated series of single/combined treatment stages, with or without additional processing operations between each single/combined treatment stage. The method may be implemented with suitable plant including hydrodynamic cavitation units (103, 106) and hydraulic shock units (104, 107), followed by separators (105, 108).

Soil contamination by heavy metals constitutes an important environmental problem, whereas field applicability of existing remediation technologies has encountered numerous obstacles, such as long operation time, high chemical cost, large energy consumption, secondary pollution, and soil degradation. A design and demonstration of a method is provided which is based on asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry (AACE) that achieves high degrees of contaminant removal for different heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd) at different initial concentrations (from 100 to 10,000 ppm), all reaching corresponding regulation levels for residential scenario after rational treatment time (from 30 min to 6 h). No excessive nutrient loss in treated soil was observed and no secondary toxic product was produced. Long-term experiment and plant assay showed the high sustainability of the method and its feasibility for agricultural use.

Soil contamination by heavy metals constitutes an important environmental problem, whereas field applicability of existing remediation technologies has encountered numerous obstacles, such as long operation time, high chemical cost, large energy consumption, secondary pollution, and soil degradation. A design and demonstration of a method is provided which is based on asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry (AACE) that achieves high degrees of contaminant removal for different heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd) at different initial concentrations (from 100 to 10,000 ppm), all reaching corresponding regulation levels for residential scenario after rational treatment time (from 30 min to 6 h). No excessive nutrient loss in treated soil was observed and no secondary toxic product was produced. Long-term experiment and plant assay showed the high sustainability of the method and its feasibility for agricultural use.

A waste treatment system for separating contaminants including per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from bulk solid waste (12). A preparation module (9) having a bulk material separator separates oversize material (14) from bulk solid waste (12). A physical separation module (13), located down-stream of the preparation module (9), separates the bulk solid waste (12) based on particle size using physical and/or hydrodynamic and/or density separation techniques. An extraction/chemical separation module (19), located downstream of the physical separation module (13), adds leachate and/or extractant to separate the contaminants from a slurry output from the physical separation module (13), into a fines output and a contaminated water solution. A water circulation system (21) supplies water to the physical separation module (13) and the extraction/chemical separation module (19), the water circulation system including at least one water treatment process, the treated water being recycled and recirculated within the waste treatment system.

The present subject matter illustrates a zero-valent metal suspension in non-aqueous phase. The suspension comprises 41 wt. % of a plurality of zero-valent iron particles; 0.1 wt % of a surfactant; 36 wt. % of an oil; and 23 wt. % of a thickening agent.

Provided is a method for disposing of contaminated deposit soil and recycled reclamation soil using the same and, more specifically, a method for disposing of contaminated dredged soil, the method comprising the steps of: seeding a mixed strain NIX51 (KACC81038BP) in the contaminated dredged soil to primarily dispose of contaminated materials in a bioreactor; and washing the degraded soil, which has been primarily disposed of, with a washing solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid, oxalate, carbonic acid (H.sub.2CO.sub.3), and nitric acid, to secondarily dispose of heavy metals.