A method of manufacturing a metal mask includes calendering a metal material, so as to form a metal mask substrate, where the metal mask substrate includes a surface and a plurality of grooves formed in the surface, and the grooves all extend in a direction. The surface has at least one sampling region, while at least two grooves are distributed in the sampling region, where an average area ratio of the area of the grooves within the sampling region to the area of the sampling region ranges between 45% and 68%.

A method for cold working pipe elements use two or more cams, each having a gear which meshes with a pinion to turn all of the cams. Each cam has a cam surface with a region of increasing radius and may also have a region of constant radius extending around a cam body. Each cam may also have a traction surface extending around a cam body. The method includes contacting the pipe element with a plurality of cam surfaces simultaneously at a plurality of locations on the pipe element and rotating the pipe element, thereby simultaneously rotating the cam surfaces. Each cam surface engages the pipe element with an increasing radius and a region of constant radius if present to deform the pipe element and form the groove.

A method of manufacturing a metal mask includes calendering a metal material, so as to form a metal mask substrate, where the metal mask substrate includes a surface and a plurality of grooves formed in the surface, and the grooves all extend in a direction. The surface has at least one sampling region, while at least two grooves are distributed in the sampling region, where an average area ratio of the area of the grooves within the sampling region to the area of the sampling region ranges between 45% and 68%.

A device for cold working pipe elements has two or more cams, each having a gear which meshes with a pinion to turn all of the cams. Each cam has a cam surface with a region of increasing radius and may have a region of constant radius extending around a cam body. Each cam also has a traction surface extending around a cam body. A region of reduced radius in each cam surface is aligned with a gap in the traction surface of each cam. The regions of reduced radius and gaps provide clearance for insertion and removal of the pipe element between the cams to form a circumferential groove when the cams are rotated.

A method of manufacturing a metal mask includes calendering a metal material, so as to form a metal mask substrate, where the metal mask substrate includes a surface and a plurality of grooves formed in the surface, and the grooves all extend in a direction. The surface has at least one sampling region, while at least two grooves are distributed in the sampling region, where an average area ratio of the area of the grooves within the sampling region to the area of the sampling region ranges between 45% and 68%.

A device for cold working pipe elements has two or more cams, each having a gear which meshes with a pinion to turn all of the cams. Each cam has a cam surface with a region of increasing radius and may have a region of constant radius extending around a cam body. Each cam also has a traction surface extending around a cam body. A discontinuity in each cam surface is aligned with a gap in the traction surface of each cam. The discontinuities and gaps provide clearance for insertion and removal of the pipe element between the cams to form a circumferential groove when the cams are rotated.

A device for cold working pipe elements has two or more cams, each having a gear. The gears turn synchronously with one another. Each cam has a cam surface with a region of increasing radius and may have a region of constant radius extending around a cam body. Each cam also has a traction surface extending around a cam body. A discontinuity in each cam surface is aligned with a gap in the traction surface of each cam. The discontinuities and gaps provide clearance for insertion and removal of the pipe element between the cams to form a circumferential groove when the cams are rotated.

The invention discloses a hard-rolling roller head with two separate housings for deep rolling the outside radii of adjoining crankpins of a split-pin crankshaft. The hard-rolling roller head provides an effective support of the two housings against one another, when machining split-pin crankshafts, and simultaneously prevents the upper areas of these housings from drifting apart.

A method for roughening a cylinder bore wall to be coated of a component, at least one groove, running around the central longitudinal axis, and at least one associated groove web, are generated such that the at least one groove web, in a radial direction directed toward the central longitudinal axis, forms first undercuts for a coating which is to be applied. Axial grooves running in the cylinder bore wall transversely to the at least one groove are generated such that the at least one groove web, in a peripheral direction about the central longitudinal axis, forms respective second undercuts for the coating which is to be applied. An adhesion of the coating which is to be applied, in the peripheral direction, is improved, so that stress cracks or detachments owing to a different thermal expansion of the component and of the coating which is to be applied are avoided.

A method for roughening a cylinder bore wall to be coated of a component, at least one groove, running around the central longitudinal axis, and at least one associated groove web, are generated such that the at least one groove web, in a radial direction directed toward the central longitudinal axis, forms first undercuts for a coating which is to be applied. Axial grooves running in the cylinder bore wall transversely to the at least one groove are generated such that the at least one groove web, in a peripheral direction about the central longitudinal axis, forms respective second undercuts for the coating which is to be applied. An adhesion of the coating which is to be applied, in the peripheral direction, is improved, so that stress cracks or detachments owing to a different thermal expansion of the component and of the coating which is to be applied are avoided.