Disclosed is a casting ladle for casting aluminum alloy in the present application. The casting ladle includes a liner contact layer, a first thermal insulation layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a housing layer sequentially from inside to outside. The first thermal insulation layer includes first Al.sub.2O.sub.3 particles and at least one first oxide particle selected from the group consisting of first SiO.sub.2 particles, first CaO particles, and first MgO particles. The second thermal insulation layer includes at least one second oxide particle selected from the group consisting of second Al.sub.2O.sub.3 particles, second SiO.sub.2 particles, second CaO particles, and second MgO particles. The second thermal insulation layer has a porosity of 60-75% and a pore size of 2-5 mm.

Disclosed is a casting ladle for casting aluminum alloy in the present application. The casting ladle includes a liner contact layer, a first thermal insulation layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a housing layer sequentially from inside to outside. The first thermal insulation layer includes first Al.sub.2O.sub.3 particles and at least one first oxide particle selected from the group consisting of first SiO.sub.2 particles, first CaO particles, and first MgO particles. The second thermal insulation layer includes at least one second oxide particle selected from the group consisting of second Al.sub.2O.sub.3 particles, second SiO.sub.2 particles, second CaO particles, and second MgO particles. The second thermal insulation layer has a porosity of 60-75% and a pore size of 2-5 mm.

A porous refractory cast material contains a closed refractory aggregate fraction having a minimum particle size and a maximum particle size; the ratio of maximum particle size to minimum particle size is 10:1 or less. This closed refractory aggregate fraction comprises all of the porous refractory cast material having a particle diameter greater than 0.1 mm. The porous refractory cast material also contains a binder phase containing refractory selected from calcium aluminate cement, alumina phosphate, hydratable alumina, colloidal silica and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a metallurgical vessel with an interior lining incorporating the porous refractory cast material.

A device and a process for the continuous application of a refractory slurry to a surface incorporate a batch reactor (10) for the controlled mixing of the slurry, a product vessel (60) in communication with the batch reactor (10) to contain the mixed slurry, and a variable-rate spraying applicator or nozzle in communication with the product vessel and with an air supply. A controller (100) controls input to, output from, and the operation of, the batch mixer (10), and monitors batch production. The controller (100) monitors the amount of slurry contained in the product vessel (60). If the level of slurry in the product hopper is such that the product hopper cannot accommodate an additional batch of slurry, the controller interrupts batch production and resumes production when the product hopper can accept the contents of the batch reactor (10).

A device and a process for the continuous application of a refractory slurry to a surface incorporate a batch reactor (10) for the controlled mixing of the slurry, a product vessel (60) in communication with the batch reactor (10) to contain the mixed slurry, and a variable-rate spraying applicator or nozzle in communication with the product vessel and with an air supply. A controller (100) controls input to, output from, and the operation of, the batch mixer (10), and monitors batch production. The controller (100) monitors the amount of slurry contained in the product vessel (60). If the level of slurry in the product hopper is such that the product hopper cannot accommodate an additional batch of slurry, the controller interrupts batch production and resumes production when the product hopper can accept the contents of the batch reactor (10).

The present invention provides a method for coating the bottom of a steel pan comprising the steps of positioning a mold on the bottom of the steel pan; securing the mold by means of a clamping mechanism; applying refractory material to the bottom of the pan and below the mold; applying a load to the mold; and removing the mold from the refractory material. The present invention is advantageous because it enables an increase in the metallic yield of pans and the reduction of non-metallic inclusions, which are normally dragged by the vortex formed.

The present invention provides a method for coating the bottom of a steel pan comprising the steps of positioning a mold on the bottom of the steel pan; securing the mold by means of a clamping mechanism; applying refractory material to the bottom of the pan and below the mold; applying a load to the mold; and removing the mold from the refractory material. The present invention is advantageous because it enables an increase in the metallic yield of pans and the reduction of non-metallic inclusions, which are normally dragged by the vortex formed.

Provided is a seating block installation structure capable of preventing the occurrence of a gap between a nozzle or plug installed in a bottom portion of a molten metal vessel and a plate or the like located on the lower side of the nozzle or plug, and a gap between the nozzle or plug and a seating block located on the upper side of or on the outer peripheral side of the nozzle or plug. In the seating block installation structure, a seating block disposed to surround a nozzle for discharging therethrough molten metal downwardly from the bottom portion of the molten metal vessel or a plug is fixed to a shell of the bottom portion of the molten metal vessel by a connecting member.

A synthesis method for producing a refractory oxide-ceramic material of CaZrO.sub.3, in particular in the form of a refractory granular material that is preferably mechanically comminuted, in particular crushed and/or ground, as well as to a batch and a coarse ceramic, shaped or unshaped, refractory product containing at least one pre-synthesized refractory calcium zirconate-containing granular material.

A synthesis method for producing a refractory oxide-ceramic material of CaZrO.sub.3, in particular in the form of a refractory granular material that is preferably mechanically comminuted, in particular crushed and/or ground, as well as to a batch and a coarse ceramic, shaped or unshaped, refractory product containing at least one pre-synthesized refractory calcium zirconate-containing granular material.