The invention relates to a method of making a functionalized nanoparticle in an aqueous solution, wherein a chemical functionalization of a metal nanoparticle in the aqueous solution is provided and the aqueous solution comprises water and ingredients. The ingredients comprise at least the metal nanoparticle, a thiol of the form R—SH, where R represents a substituent, and a silver compound. The invention further relates to a plurality of functionalized nanoparticles according to the method, wherein each of the plurality of functionalized nanoparticles comprises a metal core, a silver coating and a sulfide bond substituent. The invention also relates to a lateral flow test method and device.

A nanoparticle or agglomerate which contains connected multi-walled spherical fullerenes coated in layers of graphite. In different embodiments, the nanoparticles and agglomerates have different combinations of: a high mass fraction compared to other carbon allotropes present, a low concentration of defects, a low concentration of elemental impurities, a high Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area, and/or a high electrical conductivity. Methods are provided to produce the nanoparticles and agglomerates at a high production rate without using catalysts.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermalization plates configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures, and a first thermalization plate of the plurality of thermalization plates includes an integrated heat exchanger. The integrated heat exchanger includes channels formed in the first thermalization plate, and the channels are configured to allow helium to flow through the first thermalization plate during operation of the dilution refrigerator to improve heat exchange and cooling power of the dilution refrigerator.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermalization plates configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures, and a first thermalization plate of the plurality of thermalization plates includes an integrated heat exchanger. The integrated heat exchanger includes channels formed in the first thermalization plate, and the channels are configured to allow helium to flow through the first thermalization plate during operation of the dilution refrigerator to improve heat exchange and cooling power of the dilution refrigerator.

A continuous flow process for the synthesis of metal nanowires using a bubble column reactor. Also disclosed are different types of multiphase bubble column reactors for synthesizing metal nanowires in high yields and purity through a continuous process. The continuous process provides tunability for the aspect ratio of the nanowires.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying metal nanowires, comprising at least the following steps: (i) providing a suspension of metal nano-objects in a hydroalcoholic solvent medium having a viscosity at 25° C. strictly less than 10 mPa.Math.s, the metal nano-objects including fine nanowires and additional nanoparticles different from the fine nanowires; (ii) adding, to the metal nano-object suspension, metalloid or metal oxide nanoparticles having a diameter less than or equal to 50% of the average diameter of the nanowires; (iii) allowing the suspension of metal nano-objects with the added metalloid or metal oxide nanoparticles to settle under conditions conducive to the precipitation of the fine metal nanowires; and (iv) recovering the settled solids made from the fine metal nanowires.

A method for making a porous metal article of manufacture is provided. The method includes subjecting a saturated aqueous electrolytic solution wherein silver or copper is a donor in a container with two electrodes, where dendrite crystals of silver or copper or silver or copper nanowires are formed and collected. The collected dendrite crystals or nanowires are pressed and sintered, thereafter cooled to room temperature at room temperature and finally pressing the cooled geometric shape to form the porous silver metal article of manufacture. The collected dendrites crystals or nanowires also can be pressed in a carbon based mold or, alternatively, a non-carbon based mold and in vacuum, sintered, cooled to room temperature.

The present invention relates to the field of 4D printing, and particularly to an electro-responsive folding and unfolding composite material for 4D printing, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for regulating shape memory behavior thereof. In the process of layer-by-layer printing, conductive layers are embedded into a pre-designed shape memory polymer matrix through spray-coating and laser-irradiation nano-fusion welding, to manufacture a folding and unfolding structure with electro-responsive shape memory behavior. The distribution and range of heat affected zones in the electro-responsive shape memory folding and unfolding structure are controlled by adjusting the number of electric heating layers energized and the value of an energizing voltage. The speed of shape recovery and the degree of shape recovery of the structure are regulated according to a magnitude relationship between a shape recovery force F.sub.recovery and a resistance F.sub.resistance to shape recovery of the structure.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate, a urine pretreatment method, and a method for providing information required for cancer diagnosis through urine metabolite analysis using same.

Disclosed are: a metal nanostructure having a diameter of 2 nm to 2.5 nm; and a manufacturing method therefor. The formed metal nanostructure is provided as approximately spherical single-crystalline nanoparticles or amorphous alloy nanoparticles. Besides, a nanostructure fabricated in the form of an oxide has a nanoneedle shape. For formation of the metal nanostructure, an amorphous nanostructure is used. A second metal element having a higher standard reduction potential than a central metal constituting the amorphous nanostructure is used in the synthesis of the metal nanostructure.