An example of a method, for three-dimensional (3D) printing, includes applying a build material and patterning at least a portion of the build material. The patterning includes selectively applying a wetting amount of a binder fluid on the at least the portion of the build material and subsequently selectively applying a remaining amount of the binder fluid on the at least the portion of the build material. An area density in grams per meter square meter (gsm) of the wetting amount ranges from about 2 times less to about 30 times less than area density in gsm of the remaining amount.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating precious metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating precious metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

An example of a method for making a build material composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes freezing a dispersion of flow additive nanoparticles in a liquid to form a frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles. The frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles is lyophilized to form flow additive agglomerates having a porous, fractal structure. The flow additive agglomerates are mixed with a host metal. The flow additive nanoparticles have an average flow additive particle size ranging from about 1 to about 3 orders of magnitude smaller than an average host metal particle size of the host metal.

An example of a method for making a build material composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes freezing a dispersion of flow additive nanoparticles in a liquid to form a frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles. The frozen liquid containing the flow additive nanoparticles is lyophilized to form flow additive agglomerates having a porous, fractal structure. The flow additive agglomerates are mixed with a host metal. The flow additive nanoparticles have an average flow additive particle size ranging from about 1 to about 3 orders of magnitude smaller than an average host metal particle size of the host metal.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a composition for three-dimensional printing comprising: a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; and a binder fluid comprising: an aqueous liquid vehicle, and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the latex polymer particles have an average particle size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 180° C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating precious metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating precious metals in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A sputtering target, which has a component composition including: 30.0-67.0 atomic % of Ga; and the Cu balance containing inevitable impurities, wherein the sputtering target is a sintered material having a structure in which θ phases made of Cu—Ga alloy are dispersed in a matrix of the γ phases made of Cu—Ga alloy, is provided.