Provided herein are manufacturing methods, e.g., comprising: (1a) forming a layer, including: depositing a starting material including a mixture of a metal and a sacrificial material; and applying a laser beam to the deposited starting material to consolidate the deposited starting material and form the layer; (1b) optionally repeating (1a) one or more times; and (1c) at least partially removing the sacrificial material to form a porous metal part.

A medical implant which comprises a porous lattice is fabricated with additive manufacturing techniques such as direct metal laser sintering. A CAD model of the porous lattice is created by defining a trimming volume and merging some lattice elements with adjacent solid substrate.

A medical implant which comprises a porous lattice is fabricated with additive manufacturing techniques such as direct metal laser sintering. A CAD model of the porous lattice is created by defining a trimming volume and merging some lattice elements with adjacent solid substrate.

A method for producing an additively manufactured, graded composite transition joint (AM-GCTJ) includes preparing a grating or lattice pattern from a first alloy A; the grating or lattice pattern includes pores in the grating or lattice patterns. The grating pattern is built from a first end to a second end being denser on the first end than on second end, and gradually reduces density by increasing the pore size and/or reducing density of the grating or lattice pattern; adding a second alloy B powder to the second end of grating or lattice pattern. The second alloy B powder is filled towards the first end. A composite is formed of first alloy A and second alloy B powder in the AM-GCTJ. The composite is subjected to hot isotropic pressing (HIP) to densify the composite. The second alloy B is graduated from the first end to the second end O of AM-GCTJ.

A method for producing an additively manufactured, graded composite transition joint (AM-GCTJ) includes preparing a grating or lattice pattern from a first alloy A; the grating or lattice pattern includes pores in the grating or lattice patterns. The grating pattern is built from a first end to a second end being denser on the first end than on second end, and gradually reduces density by increasing the pore size and/or reducing density of the grating or lattice pattern; adding a second alloy B powder to the second end of grating or lattice pattern. The second alloy B powder is filled towards the first end. A composite is formed of first alloy A and second alloy B powder in the AM-GCTJ. The composite is subjected to hot isotropic pressing (HIP) to densify the composite. The second alloy B is graduated from the first end to the second end O of AM-GCTJ.

A method of processing by controlling one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam may include: launching the optical beam into a first length of fiber having a first refractive-index profile (RIP); coupling the optical beam from the first length of fiber into a second length of fiber having a second RIP and one or more confinement regions; modifying the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam in the first length of fiber, in the second length of fiber, or in the first and second lengths of fiber; confining the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam within the one or more confinement regions of the second length of fiber; and/or generating an output beam, having the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam, from the second length of fiber. The first RIP may differ from the second RIP.

A method for preparing a metal foam is provided which can freely control characteristics, such as pore size and porosity, of the metal foam, prepare the metal foam in the form of films or sheets which have conventionally been difficult to produce, particularly the form of thin films or sheets as well, and prepare a metal foam having excellent other physical properties such as mechanical strength. It is also possible to efficiently form a structure in which the metal foams as above are integrated with good adhesive force on a metal base material.

A module includes a circuit board and an inductor. The circuit board has a facing surface and a rear surface which are located at opposite sides to each other in an up-down direction. The inductor has a magnetic core and a coil. The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic metal material. The magnetic core has a facing surface and a radiating surface which are located at opposite sides to each other in the up-down direction. The facing surface of the magnetic core is arranged to face the facing surface of the circuit board in the up-down direction. The radiating surface of the magnetic core is arranged to be radiatable heat outward. The coil has a coil portion and a connection end. The coil portion winds, at least in part, the magnetic core. The connection end is connected to the facing surface of the circuit board.

A sand screen including a frame, a filtration media disposed in contact with the frame, the filtration media being of single-piece unitary construction and exhibiting varying flow properties over a surface of the media, or through a radial thickness of the media. A filtration media being of single-piece unitary construction and exhibiting varying flow properties over a surface area of the media, or through a radial thickness of the media.

A preparation method for a W—Cu composite plate with a Cu phase in finger-shaped gradient distribution is provided. The method includes adding WO.sub.X powder obtained with ammonium metatungstate as a raw material into W powder through a combustion synthesis method, adding a binder and a pore-forming agent to prepare a slurry, then performing tape casting, soaking in water and sintering to obtain a W framework with pores in finger-shaped distribution, and then infiltrating Cu to obtain a target product. The Cu phase in the W—Cu composite material prepared by the present method is distributed in a finger-shaped gradient manner from an infiltration surface to the interior of a specimen, the Cu phase and the W phase are mutually pinned, and the W—Cu interface has good bonding strength. The present method has the characteristics of adjustable material component performance, simple process, low cost, suitability for large-scale production and the like.