Methods of inducing segmented flow in a material in which a ductile flow mode would otherwise occur during machining. A monolayer molecular film is formed on a surface of a body of a material in a state such that the material exhibits ductile flow when subjected to shear. The monolayer molecular film has molecules each having a head group adsorbed to the surface, a terminal group, and a hydrocarbon chain therebetween having a chain length of greater than 6. A surface portion of the body is removed by engaging the body with a tool in a contact region below the surface of the body and moving the tool relative to the body to remove the surface portion and the monolayer molecular film thereon. The monolayer molecular film induces segmented flow in the material during the removing of the surface portion.

A clamping chuck for clamping tools having a tool shank includes a sleeve portion which is open at its free end, is preferably composed of electrically conductive material and forms a tool-holding fixture for frictionally locking fixing of the tool shank in a press fit by shrink-fitting. The sleeve portion, preferably over an entire axial length of the tool-holding fixture, includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The outer sleeve receives the inner sleeve in an operationally ready state, is joined thereto without play, and is preferably also composed of an electrically conductive material.

A coated tool may include a base member and a coating layer. The coating layer may include a plurality of first AlTi layers indicated by Al.sub.1-x1Ti.sub.x1 and a plurality of second AlTi layers indicated by Al.sub.1-x2Ti.sub.x2. The coating layer may have alternating first AlTi layers and second AlTi layers, i.e. one upon another in a direction away from the base member, and x1 may be larger than x2. The plurality of first AlTi layers may include a first region having two or more adjacent first AlTi layers, where a first AlTi layer of the two or more adjacent first AlTi layers is located farther away from the base member and is smaller in thickness than a first AlTi layer of the two or more adjacent first AlTi layers located closer to the base member.

A surface coated cutting tool comprises: a tool substrate and a coating layer on a surface of the tool substrate; wherein the coating layer comprises a lower layer, an intermediate layer, and an upper layer, in sequence from the tool substrate toward the surface of the tool. The lower layer comprises an A layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Al.sub.1-xCr.sub.x)N, where x is 0.20 to 0.60; the intermediate layer comprises a B layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Al.sub.1-a-bCr.sub.aSi.sub.b)N, where a is 0.20 to 0.60 and b is 0.01 to 0.20; and the upper layer comprises a C layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Ti.sub.1-α-βSi.sub.αW.sub.β)N where α is 0.01 to 0.20 and β is 0.01 to 0.10; and the upper layer has a repeated variation in W level with an average interval of 1 nm to 100 nm between adjacent local maxima and minima.

A cemented carbide may include a hard phase including W and C, and a binder phase including cubic Co. The binder phase may include Zr. The Co may include a lattice constant of more than 3.5575 Å and not more than 3.5600 Å. A coated tool may include a coating layer located on a surface of the cemented carbide. A cutting tool may include a holder that is extended from a first end toward a second end and may include a pocket on a side of the first end, and the coated tool located in the pocket.

An aluminum alloy hub lathe fixture, which includes a main plate, a mounting seat, a hydraulic power clamping head, a pull rod, a sliding seat, a connecting pin, a fan-shaped clamping jaw, a sealing cover, a deflection block, a deflection shaft, a centrifugal force balance block, a centrifugal mechanism base, a spring and screws, wherein the main plate and the mounting seat are connected together through screws, so that a housing of the entire fixture is formed; the hydraulic power clamping head is fixed on the mounting seat through screws; one end of the pull rod is mounted on the hydraulic power clamping head through screws, and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the sliding seat through the connecting pin; the fan-shaped clamping jaw is fixed on the sliding seat through screws.

A method for producing a material that has the primary desirable properties that can be used for electrical terminal connectors. The present invention is directed at a clad material having high electrical conductivity, specific strength, good ductility, compatibility with joining materials, and low cost properties, and the method for making the material. In an aspect, the cladded material is made from one or more metals that collectively, have the properties discussed above. In an aspect, the cladded material is a transition-metal interconnector for electrical terminal connectors. In an exemplary aspect, the material is cladded aluminum and copper. The present invention relates to cladding materials built for use in connecting materials with different properties (e.g., aluminum and copper) in cathodes and anodes.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating layer provided on the substrate, the coating layer including a multilayer structure layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer, and a lone layer, the lone layer including cubic Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN crystal grains, an atomic ratio z of Ti in the Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN being 0.4 or more and less than 0.55, the lone layer having a thickness with an average value of 2.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, the multilayer structure layer having a thickness with an average value of 40 nm or more and 95 nm or less, one multilayer structure layer and one lone layer forming a repetitive unit having a thickness with an average value of 50 nm to 100 nm, a maximum value of 90 nm to 110 nm, and a minimum value of 40 nm to 60 nm.

Provided is a process for drilling a tunnel (11) in which to place a sensor, in particular a temperature sensor, in a cooking vessel (1) comprising a bowl (2) with a bottom (3) having a thickness (e), said process comprising a step for drilling said tunnel made in the thickness (e). The drilling step comprises a pre-drilling step using a drill bit with a diameter of D1, and a deep drilling step using a drill bit with a diameter of D2, D1 being greater than D2.

The invention discloses an improved wheel alignment device which comprises a rack, a cylinder, a servo motor, a hollow shaft and the like. When the improved wheel alignment device is used, a stopper on a roller table centers a wheel, air enters at the lower end of a large piston and causes a long cylinder rod, a flange end cover, an expanding sleeve and the like to rise; the flange end cover is in contact with a wheel flange plate, and after the expanding sleeve is in contact with a central hole, air enters at the upper end of a small piston of a small cylinder, a short cylinder rod pulls an expanding core downwards, and the expanding sleeve clamps the central hole of the wheel; the servo motor causes the hollow shaft and the wheel to rotate by a belt pulley I and a belt pulley II, and the hollow shaft and the wheel stop rotating after a sensor finds the position of a valve hole of the wheel; at the moment, lifting cylinders cause a supporting plate to rise to a certain height through guide pillars, and a large cylinder causes the wheel to descend and the lower end surface of the wheel to fall above the supporting plate. The improved wheel alignment device can realize the alignment function before the automatic machining of wheel finish turning in use, and when the wheels with different wheel widths and different offset distances are automatically produced, programs do not need to be switched.