Systems and methods are disclosed for machining an eyewear frame. One method includes receiving a coupon of material for making the eyewear frame, the frame comprising a perimeter, a front portion and a rear portion; cutting the coupon along the perimeter of the eyewear frame, the cut being from the rear portion of the frame to a predetermined depth from the front portion of the frame; and creating a plastic seam around the frame by further cutting the coupon from the front portion of the eyewear frame.

A milling tool is configured from a shank part and a head with a cutting edge that is provided on the leading end of the shank part. The head comprises an expanding diameter section, the diameter of which expands gradually from the base end that contacts the shank part in the direction of the leading end, and a decreasing diameter section, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the maximum diameter section in the direction of the leading end. At least one cutting edge is provided on each of the expanding diameter section and the decreasing diameter section.

In a diamond-coated tool provided with a blade which includes a base material and a diamond layer formed on the base material, when a length of the blade along an extending direction thereof is denoted by L, and a thickness of the diamond layer of the blade is measured at a total number of 11 points which are arranged from one end of the blade along the extending direction thereof and separated from each other at an interval of L/10, the thickness is the same at all of the 11 points, or a ratio d.sub.min/d.sub.max between a minimum value d.sub.min of the thickness and a maximum value d.sub.max of the thickness is 0.7 or more and less than 1.

A bearingless groove router bit includes at least one cutting element affixed to a head of the router bit and has a first end spaced from an end of connected shank connected to the head and a second end adjacent to the second end of the head. The cutting element includes a cutting edge extending along the cutting element between the first end to the second end of the cutting element. The cutting edge may include a radial side edge that projects radially inwardly relative to a central axis of the router bit and a straight side edge that extends from an end of the radial side edge outwardly relative to the central axis to minimize tear out during cutting of a groove in a work piece.

A milling tool for producing chamfer surfaces at workpieces. It has a cylindrical shaft and a cutting part, which has at least two end cutting edges, which are each located on a cone jacket surface and which run in a spiraled convex manner in the direction of rotation, and which each extend from a radially outer cutting corner to an inner cutting corner on the end side. To broaden the area of application of the milling tool to processes, such as the “ramping” or the linear diagonal plunging, respectively, the circular milling, the spot-drilling, or the waterline milling, the end cutting edges merge at the inner cutting corner into center cutting edges, which are located on a cone jacket surface with a tip angle of above 180°, and which run with a positive chip angle into a region of the milling cutter center located in the milling cutter core.

A T-shaped tool is configured by fastening a head having cutting blades to a cylindrical shank, the shank is made of cemented carbide and has a tapered male thread formed at a tip end portion thereof, the tapered male thread becomes smaller in diameter toward the tip end, and the head is made of steel and has a tapered female thread formed therein, and the tapered female thread comes into engagement with the tapered male thread.

A method for manufacturing a workpiece (28) using a milling cutter configured as a conically convex milling cutter (10) is provided. The conically convex milling cutter (10) comprises a shank (12) and a conically convex milling cutter portion (14) connected at the end to the shank (12) directly or through a transition (16). The conically convex milling cutter (10) has a first and a second cutting area (24, 26), wherein the first cutting area (24) is provided on the shank (12) or/and at the transition (16), and wherein the second cutting area (26) is provided on the conically convex milling cutter portion (14). The method comprises the following steps: A) roughing a blank portion (30) using the conically convex milling cutter (10), wherein the latter is inclined relative to a current feed direction (40) at a reference point (38) of the conically convex milling cutter (10) within a first machining angle range (α1, β1) such that machining is performed with the first cutting area (24) of the conically convex milling cutter (10), wherein the second cutting area (26) remains passive during machining, and B) finishing at least a part of the rough blank portion (46) using the conically convex milling cutter (10), wherein the latter is inclined relative to the current feed direction (40) at the reference point (38) of the conically convex milling cutter (10) within a second machining angle range (α2, β2) in such a way that machining is performed with the second cutting area (26) of the conically convex milling cutter (10), wherein the second cutting area (26) engages with the blank (30).

A tapered end mill includes an outer circumferential cutting edge, a flute is disposed such that a flute bottom radius defined as a distance between a flute bottom and the tool axis decreases from a shank side toward the tool tip side, the flute bottom radius linearly changes at a predetermined gradient angle in the tool axis direction, the gradient angle changes at a predetermined change point to become smaller on the tool tip side as compared to the shank side, and a gradient angle θ1 on the tool tip side relative to the change point is equal to or larger than 0° and smaller than a taper half angle α of a cutting portion provided with the outer circumferential cutting edge, and a gradient angle θ2 on the shank side relative to the change point is larger than the taper half angle α.

The present disclosure relates to end milling methods for making microstructures, a tool comprising such microstructures, the microstructures, and replications thereof, where the microstructures are part of a structured surface configured as a security article. Some of the microstructures are configured differently from others to define an optically detectable indicia in the structured surface. Microstructures in a first group may for example differ from microstructures in a second group in terms of one or more of size, orientation, cube corner type, and dihedral angle value(s), to define the indicia or a portion thereof. The microstructures may comprise full or truncated cube corner elements, and the article may be a retroreflective sheeting.

A deburring tool includes a shank attached at a first end to a chuck and a working portion at a second end of the shank. The working portion includes a first end portion closest to and joining the second end of the shank at a first end of the first end portion, a second end portion furthest from the shank, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion, a first end of the intermediate portion joining a second end of the first end portion and a second end of the intermediate portion joining a first end of the second end portion. The intermediate portion tapers continuously from a largest diameter at the first end of the intermediate portion to a smallest diameter at the second end of the intermediate portion, and deburring cutter members provided on the second end portion adjacent the second end of the intermediate portion.