A butt joint deep penetration laser welding method is used for joining facing end sections of flat steel products, each having a carbon content CS<0.02%. In order to improve such a method such that an improved weld quality in terms of geometry and strength is achievable with it, at least one carbon-containing carrier material is inserted into a butt joint gap between the end sections, the carbon content of which is C.sub.T≥20.Math.C.sub.S, preferably C.sub.T≥100.Math.C.sub.S, and/or carbon is inserted into the butt joint gap or applied to at least one end section, such that the volume of the carbon inserted into the butt joint gap corresponds to 1% to 20% of the volume of a melt produced by a butt joint deep penetration laser welding process.

A butt joint deep penetration laser welding method is used for joining facing end sections of flat steel products, each having a carbon content CS<0.02%. In order to improve such a method such that an improved weld quality in terms of geometry and strength is achievable with it, at least one carbon-containing carrier material is inserted into a butt joint gap between the end sections, the carbon content of which is C.sub.T≥20.Math.C.sub.S, preferably C.sub.T≥100.Math.C.sub.S, and/or carbon is inserted into the butt joint gap or applied to at least one end section, such that the volume of the carbon inserted into the butt joint gap corresponds to 1% to 20% of the volume of a melt produced by a butt joint deep penetration laser welding process.

A laser welding method is usable to weld a material containing copper as a main component. The laser welding method includes heating the material by irradiation with a first laser light and welding the material by irradiation of a portion, which has been irradiated with the first laser light, of the material with a second laser light with which an energy absorption rate of the copper contained in the material increases by an increase in a temperature of the material. A wavelength of the first laser light is 400 nm to 470 nm.

A joining method includes: an overlapping step of overlapping a front surface of a first metal member with a back surface of a second metal member; and a welding step of welding the first metal member with the second metal member by hybrid welding, using a hybrid welding machine including a leading laser welding unit and a trailing arc welding unit. In the welding step, laser welding, by irradiating with a laser beam, and arc welding are performed from a front surface of the second metal member, along a preset travel route which is set on an overlapped part formed by the first metal member and the second metal member overlapped with each other, to the overlapped part, and the laser beam is oscillated to cross the preset travel route.

A cable connector assembly includes: an electrical connector; and a cable electrically connected with the electrical connector, the cable including plural high-speed wires for transmitting high-speed signal, a pair of low-speed wires for transmitting low-speed signal, a pair of power wires for transmitting power signal, a pair of standby wires, a detection wire for transmitting detection signal, and a power supply wire; wherein the pair of standby wires, the detection wire, and the power supply wire are arranged in a line along a horizontal direction; the high-speed wires are evenly distributed on both sides of the line along a thickness direction vertical to the horizontal direction; the low-speed wires are disposed on a side of the line along the thickness direction; and the power wires are disposed on another side of the line along the thickness direction.

A cable connector assembly includes: an electrical connector; and a cable electrically connected with the electrical connector, the cable including plural high-speed wires for transmitting high-speed signal, a pair of low-speed wires for transmitting low-speed signal, a pair of power wires for transmitting power signal, a pair of standby wires, a detection wire for transmitting detection signal, and a power supply wire; wherein the pair of standby wires, the detection wire, and the power supply wire are arranged in a line along a horizontal direction; the high-speed wires are evenly distributed on both sides of the line along a thickness direction vertical to the horizontal direction; the low-speed wires are disposed on a side of the line along the thickness direction; and the power wires are disposed on another side of the line along the thickness direction.

A turbine blade disposed along a radial direction of a turbine includes: an airfoil portion positioned in a fluid flow passage of the turbine; and a shroud portion positioned on an inner side or an outer side of the airfoil portion in the radial direction, and having an opening with which an end portion of the airfoil portion is to be engaged. A clearance is formed between a wall surface forming the opening of the shroud portion and an outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the airfoil portion. The wall surface of the shroud portion and the outer peripheral surface of the airfoil portion are joined to each other. At least one of the shroud portion or the airfoil portion has a cooling hole formed thereon, the cooling hole having an opening into the clearance and being configured to supply the clearance with a cooling fluid.

Angled, single laser weld and a method of forming an angled, single laser weld including arranging a first and second faying surfaces of a first and second component adjacently to form an interface between the components; irradiating at least one of the first and second components at the interface with a laser, wherein the first faying surface defines a plane formed at an angle alpha in the range of +/−5 degrees to 60 degrees from an axis A perpendicular to the first front surface and the second faying surface matches the first faying surface; and forming a junction at the interface with an hourglass shaped weld.

A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up that includes at least two overlapping metal workpieces is disclosed. The method includes advancing a beam spot of a laser beam relative to a top surface of the workpiece stack-up and along a beam travel pattern to form a laser weld joint, which is comprised of resolodified composite metal workpiece material, that fusion welds the metal workpieces together. And, while the beam spot is being advanced along the beam travel pattern, between a first point and a second point, which may or may not encompass the entire beam travel pattern, at least one of the following laser beam parameters is repeatedly varied: (1) the power level of the laser beam; (2) the travel speed of the laser beam; or (3) the focal position of the laser beam relative to the top surface of the workpiece stack-up.

The present invention benefits from the determination that pre-selected spectral bandwidths that avoid the spectrum of an electronic transition of a metal/alloy vapor allow for welds substantially free from detritus that may discolor the weld. Accordingly, the present invention provides analytical methods, welding methods and fiber lasers configured to provide high quality metal/alloy welds.