A magnetic-field-guidance system and methods of finishing a workpiece using a magnetic-field-guidance system are provided. The magnetic-field-guidance system comprises a workpiece holder, one or more tooling magnets each comprising a finishing tip, and one or more flexible bags containing magnetic media. The workpiece holder is configured to (a) be secured to a base and (b) secure a workpiece relative to the base. The flexible bag(s) are configured to be disposed on the opposite side and/or same side of the workpiece relative to the one or more tooling magnets. In collaboration with the tooling magnets, the magnetic media contained with the flexible bag(s) direct a magnetic field which thereby guides a magnetic-abrasive slurry to finish the workpiece using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF).

A surface processing equipment using an energy beam including a measuring device, a gas source, an energy beam supply device, a multi-axis platform, and a processing device is provided. The measuring device measures a workpiece to obtain surface form information. The energy beam supply device receives a processing gas to form an energy beam. The energy beam supply device includes a rotating sleeve. Openings are on a bottom surface of the rotating sleeve. The rotating sleeve rotates along a rotation axis and supplies the energy beam from one of the openings to the workpiece. The processing device controls the gas source, the energy beam supply device, and the multi-axis platform according to the surface form information. Distances from each opening to the rotation axis are all different. The energy beam is formed into a beam shape or rings having different radii via a rotation of the energy beam supply device.

A magnetic field generation apparatus (6) of a magnetorheological polishing device comprises at least one electromagnetic pole set capable of producing a gradient magnetic field and consisting of two electromagnetic poles having opposing polarities; the electromagnetic poles forming the electromagnetic pole set uses at least two annular magnetic poles arranged in concentric circles, wherein the polarities of two adjacent magnetic poles are opposing. The apparatus (6) is used for processing a multi-degree of freedom movement workpiece with a magnetorheological fluid, and with single clamping, is capable of simultaneously performing polishing processing on the outer surface(s) of one or more workpieces, the outer surfaces of which may be flat surfaces, cambered surfaces or complex curved surfaces. The apparatus (6) effectively solves the problem of it being difficult to finish complex shaped surfaces, reduces workpiece processing procedures, and effectively increases polishing efficiency.

The present disclosure provides a precision calibrating device and a precision calibrating method for a magnetorheological polishing device, which realize an automatic and quick calibration process. It is ensured that a polishing gap is kept within an allowable error range when the magnetorheological polishing device processes surfaces of different optical elements, thereby effectively controlling a removal function, reducing or eliminating surface residual errors after processing and low frequency errors and medium frequency errors introduced by insufficient trajectory precision of a mechanical arm, and improving a processing precision of the magnetorheological polishing device based on the mechanical arm.

A magnetic polishing machine includes a container which accommodates a polishing target and a plurality of polishing pieces, a plurality of rotation plates which are rotatably disposed below the container while a magnet is attached to the rotation plate, and a first rotation mechanism which rotates each rotation plate about a rotation axis of the rotation plate. The adjacent rotation plates are disposed at a position in which rotation areas thereof partially overlap each other.

A method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment provides various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory and provide a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory.

A controllable magnetic field-assisted finishing apparatus for an inner surface and a finishing method are provided. The apparatus includes a housing, ball screw mechanisms, a workpiece, a centering clamp, a connecting plate, a magnetic field generating device, a chuck clamp, a precise displacement platform and a base. The magnetic field generating device includes electromagnetic coils, coil connecting plates, a magnetic yoke, nuts, springs and bolts. The magnetic field generating device dynamically adjusts a distance from the magnetic yoke to the outer surface of the workpiece through the springs. The movement tracks of the magnetic finishing medium are controlled by the formed rotation of the magnetic field, the finishing action force dynamic-adjustment, the optimization of the machining form of the magnetic finishing medium in collaboration with the rotation of the chuck clamp and the feed movement of the precise displacement platform.

Present disclosure provides chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus, including a counterface configured to support a semiconductor wafer at a first surface, a first electromagnet array under the first surface, a polishing head over the counterface and configured to hold the semiconductor wafer at a second surface, and a controller connects to the first electromagnet array. The first electromagnet array comprises a plurality of electromagnets, a polarity of each of the plurality of electromagnets is capable of being individually controlled by the controller. Present disclosure also provides a CMP slurry and a method for using a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus.

Disclosed is an apparatus for the batch polishing of workpieces, the apparatus includes an annular cavity, in which several workpieces are mounted, magnetic abrasives, which are arranged in the annular cavity and used for polishing the workpieces, and multiple magnet sets, which are used for generating a magnetic field for the magnetic abrasives in order to remove a surface material of the workpieces, wherein each of the magnet sets comprises magnets arranged on both inner and outer sides of the annular cavity and configured to rotate about the axis of the annular cavity.

A mid-frequency error-free machining method under a magneto-rheological polishing magic angle-step includes the following steps: measuring a magneto-rheological removal function, and determining a control accuracy of a machine tool; performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the removal function, performing compensating filtering on a frequency spectrum based on the control accuracy of the machine tool, and analyzing a corresponding step at the lowest point of an amplitude of the two-dimensional frequency spectrum that undergoes filtering in a direction of a magic angle; planning a grid path under the given step on the basis of adjusting a direction of a machining path or a posture of a magneto-rheological polishing wheel to allow an included angle between the polishing wheel and the path kept to be at the magic angle; and finally, controlling the machining of the machine tool.