The present invention relates to a substrate cleaning apparatus, a polishing apparatus, a buffing apparatus, a substrate processing apparatus, a machine learning apparatus used for any of these apparatuses, and a substrate cleaning method, which are improved in terms of both performance and throughput. The substrate cleaning apparatus (16) includes: a cleaning tool (77) configured to clean a substrate (W) held by a substrate holder (71, 72, 73, 74); a surface-property measuring device configured to obtain surface data of the cleaning tool (77); and a controller (30) configured to determine a replacement time of the cleaning tool (77) based on the surface data. The surface-property measuring device is configured to obtain surface data of the cleaning tool (77) at at least two measurement points (PA, PB) of the cleaning tool (77) each time a predetermined number of substrates (W) are scrubbed, and the controller (30) is configured to determine the replacement time of the cleaning tool (77) based on a difference in the surface data obtained.

The present invention relates to a substrate cleaning apparatus, a polishing apparatus, a buffing apparatus, a substrate processing apparatus, a machine learning apparatus used for any of these apparatuses, and a substrate cleaning method, which are improved in terms of both performance and throughput. The substrate cleaning apparatus (16) includes: a cleaning tool (77) configured to clean a substrate (W) held by a substrate holder (71, 72, 73, 74); a surface-property measuring device configured to obtain surface data of the cleaning tool (77); and a controller (30) configured to determine a replacement time of the cleaning tool (77) based on the surface data. The surface-property measuring device is configured to obtain surface data of the cleaning tool (77) at at least two measurement points (PA, PB) of the cleaning tool (77) each time a predetermined number of substrates (W) are scrubbed, and the controller (30) is configured to determine the replacement time of the cleaning tool (77) based on a difference in the surface data obtained.

Disclosed are a pillar anchor for an automobile and a method of manufacturing the same. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the pillar anchor for an automobile includes a pair of first and second anchor plates including metal, integrated in one body, and guiding a movement of a seat belt of a vehicle, wherein each of the first and second anchor plates includes a belt movement guide recess portion protruding toward one side of the first and second anchor plates through drawing processing, and guiding the movement of the seat belt, and a reinforcement flange formed at edge portions of the first and second anchor plates to reinforce the first and second anchor plates.

A method and apparatus for processing a metallic workpiece with defined edges (e.g., a gear) comprises media blasting of the workpiece by directing a first media against exposed surfaces on the workpiece to increase the root strength of the gear, the blasting causing the defined edges to be radiused or mushroomed, ceasing the media blasting, loading the workpiece into a finishing apparatus, and subjecting the workpiece to a finishing process with a second media, the exposed surfaces on the workpiece being subjected to the finishing process to reduce the radiused edges on the workpiece created from the media blasting. The process of moving the workpiece to the spindle-finishing apparatus from the media blasting may be performed automatically by a machine. Once the workpiece has been subjected to the finishing process with the second media, it may be removed from the spindle-finishing machine, washed, and rinsed with rust inhibitor whereby wear properties of the workpiece are enhanced.

A method and apparatus for processing a metallic workpiece with defined edges (e.g., a gear) comprises media blasting of the workpiece by directing a first media against exposed surfaces on the workpiece to increase the root strength of the gear, the blasting causing the defined edges to be radiused or mushroomed, ceasing the media blasting, loading the workpiece into a finishing apparatus, and subjecting the workpiece to a finishing process with a second media, the exposed surfaces on the workpiece being subjected to the finishing process to reduce the radiused edges on the workpiece created from the media blasting. The process of moving the workpiece to the spindle-finishing apparatus from the media blasting may be performed automatically by a machine. Once the workpiece has been subjected to the finishing process with the second media, it may be removed from the spindle-finishing machine, washed, and rinsed with rust inhibitor whereby wear properties of the workpiece are enhanced.

A dust suction system for a dry degreasing and deburring machine includes an air suction circuit, a suction fan, a settling chamber provided with a filter cartridge, an unclogging unit provided for injecting a flow of unclogging air into the filter cartridge during an unclogging operation, characterized in that it comprises a control unit that controls the fan and the unclogging unit depending on measurements of pressure and load in the air suction circuit. A machine and a dust suction method are also described.

A meshed shell and a sandblasting method are provided. The meshed shell includes a first end portion, a second end portion opposite to the first end portion, a first annular portion, a second annular portion connected to the first annular portion, a first mesh portion between the first end portion and the first annular portion and a second mesh portion between the second end portion and the second annular portion. The weights of the first end portion and the second end portion are the same. A maximum inner diameter of the mesh of the first and second mesh portions is smaller than a penetration size of the component. Both of the sum of the weights of the first and second end portions and the sum of the weights of the first and second annular portions are greater than the sum of the weights of the first and second mesh portions.

A meshed shell and a sandblasting method are provided. The meshed shell includes a first end portion, a second end portion opposite to the first end portion, a first annular portion, a second annular portion connected to the first annular portion, a first mesh portion between the first end portion and the first annular portion and a second mesh portion between the second end portion and the second annular portion. The weights of the first end portion and the second end portion are the same. A maximum inner diameter of the mesh of the first and second mesh portions is smaller than a penetration size of the component. Both of the sum of the weights of the first and second end portions and the sum of the weights of the first and second annular portions are greater than the sum of the weights of the first and second mesh portions.

Smooth, heat-treated glass fragments are created by placing a plurality of heat-treated glass fragments into a tumbling or vibrating apparatus. Each heat-treated glass fragment is formed from glass that has been heated to a temperature of at least 1000° Fahrenheit and rapidly cooled to a temperature below 800° Fahrenheit. The plurality of glass fragments is then tumbled or vibrated for a predetermined period of time such that surfaces of the heat-treated glass fragments are smoother than prior to tumbling. The glass fragments are thereafter removed from the tumbling apparatus, resulting in smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments that have a slightly rounded, bead like-shape and are suitable for direct handling without hand protection. The glass fragments as are able to be provide radiant heat in the temperature range of 400° to 800° Fahrenheit. This temperature range and the use of the heat-treated glass fragments provides for a clean burning fire that virtually eliminates any soot and carbon monoxide while burning.

A method is provided for treating the outer surfaces of a plurality of glass bubbles. That method includes loading a plurality of glass bubbles into a processing vessel having a roughened lining and displacing the processing vessel so that the plurality of glass bubbles move against the roughened lining to thereby roughen the outer surfaces. Alternatively, or in addition, the glass bubbles are subjected to air plasma treatment to increase the surface energy of the glass bubbles.