A tool clamping assembly and a sharpener are provided. The tool clamping assembly includes an arm body, its first end is connected with a sharpening frame, the arm body is provided with a top pin and a driving member, the driving member drives the top pin to move along an axial direction of the arm body; a clamping arm component, which includes a first clamping arm and a second clamping arm, the two clamping arms are mirror symmetric and are connected by a rotation axis. The rotation axis is connected to a second end of the arm body, and a torque member is provided on the rotation axis. The torque member is used to apply torque to the two clamping arms to jointly clamp the top pin at first ends of the two clamping arms; when the top pin is moved, the two clamping arms can be rotated synchronously.