Materials that exhibit stress-induced porosity, and methods of making and using the same, are described.

The present disclosure relates to a screw of an injection molding machine in which a heating cylinder is formed with a first compression section, a starvation section, and a second compression section, and in which an inert gas is to be introduced into the starvation section. At a portion of the screw corresponding to the first compression section, a barrier flight as a double flight including a combination of a main flight and a sub-flight having a lead angle larger than that of the main flight is formed, and a dam flight having a predetermined-width ring shape is formed, downstream of, i.e., in front of the barrier flight. A seal structure to prevent backflow of the resin may be provided between the dam flight and the starvation section.

The present invention relates to a method preparing a highly functional foam by a physical foaming process (physical blowing agent-based foaming) used to prepare a midsole of a shoe, and relates to a technology that is environmentally friendly because a chemical foaming agent is not used and is capable of preparing a foam with improved physical properties at a low cost by shortening a processing time. To this end, according to the present invention, a physical foaming process of preparing a foam by using a foaming press provided with a cavity includes: an injecting step of injecting a foaming compounding resin into the cavity; a closing step of closing the cavity by using the foaming press; a gas injecting step of injecting gas into the cavity; an atmospheric pressure maintaining step of dissolving the gas in the foaming compounding resin by maintaining the inside of the cavity at a constant pressure; and a foaming step of performing foaming by opening the cavity so that the inside of the cavity is depressurized.

Methods of creating additive manufactured parts from expanding foam material include printing a part made of an expandable foam, using an additive manufacturing system. The foam is printed in an unexpanded state and has a closed layer at an external surface of the part. Expansion of the part is controlled, using the additive manufacturing system, wherein the expansion is performed after the printing. Methods also include modeling an expansion of a part made of an expandable foam, and printing the part made of the expandable foam, using an automated additive manufacturing system and according to the modeling. The foam is printed in an unexpanded state and has a closed layer at an external surface of the part.

A method for making a low cost, lightweight carbon aggregate from coal at, above, or below atmospheric pressure, and a lightweight concrete composition utilizing the lightweight carbon aggregate is described.

A method for making a low cost, lightweight carbon aggregate from coal at, above, or below atmospheric pressure, and a lightweight concrete composition utilizing the lightweight carbon aggregate is described.

A method of making molded foam articles and the articles produced. A molded foam article is produced by heating or preheating the mold to a temperature at or above the glass transition or melt temperature of the particles to be molded. Foamed particles are then introduced into the mold. The particle filled mold is then subjected to a vacuum to stabilize the molded article, without application of any additional heating or cooling. The molded article is then removed from the mold at a temperature at or below the glass transition temperature of the particles, and the cycle repeated to form multiple molded articles.

Systems and methods for improving adhesion of an insulating foam to a molded polymeric insulating structure through use of ozone gas for functionalization of molded polymeric surfaces of an internal cavity of the insulating structure.

A process of making a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam comprises the step of mixing under low pressure: (A) An isocyanate; (B) A compound reactive with the isocyanate, e.g., a polyol; (C) A liquid blowing agent; and (D) Carbon dioxide.

A method of forming a shaped foamed polymer article and articles obtained from said method.