The present invention provides a protective coating for protecting a substrate from deleterious elements present in environments in which the substrates are deployed and methods and apparatus for deploying a PVC encasement with a longitudinal snap jacket of suitable length and girth to coat a pylon substrate or building girder and provide a filler within the snap jacket and around an encased pylon.

The invention relates to a blown film system for producing a film tube made of plastics material, comprising: an annular nozzle, out of which a plastic melt having a closed cross-section can be brought; a take-up device, by means of which the plastic melt can be drawn up from the direction of the annular nozzle so as to form the film tube; an air-provision device, which is downstream of the annular nozzle when viewed in the transport direction of the film tube and by means of which an amount of air can be provided; and a calibration device, which is downstream of the annular nozzle when viewed in the transport direction of the film tube and surrounds the film tube and by means of which the outer circumference of the film tube can be delimited. At least one detector is contained that has a plurality of detection elements, by means of which electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected at various points of the film tube can be detected, such that at least one planar region and/or contoured region of the film tube can be detected with regard to characteristic properties, wherein the detector comprises at least 32 detection elements.

The method for extruding and labeling a packaging tube comprises the following successive steps: a) forming a partially or totally tubular label from a film in a shaper; b) inserting the label into a calibration element; c) extruding a tubular body at the concave-face side of the label in an extrusion head; d) bringing the outer face of the extruded tubular body into contact with the concave face of the label. In the method, the label comprises at least one layer of which the melting temperature is at least 20° C. higher than the melting temperature of the extruded tubular body. A first pressure difference is formed in the extruded tube with an air jet.

The production of a biaxially oriented tube from thermoplastic material, wherein a tube in preform condition is extruded from thermoplastic material using an extruder having an extruder die head with an inner die member that forms a lumen in the tube in preform condition. The tube in preform condition is subjected to a temperature conditioning. Use is made of a expansion device comprising a non-deformable expansion part having a gradually increasing diameter to a maximum diameter, which expansion part is contacted by the tube and exerts an expanding force so as to bring about expansion of the tempered tube in circumferential direction. The method comprises drawing the tempered tube over the expansion device using a drawing device, in such a manner that said tube is transformed from a tube in preform condition into a biaxially oriented tube with thermoplastic material which is oriented in axial direction and in circumferential direction of the tube.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a biodegradable resin expanded sheet, by which a biodegradable resin expanded sheet immediately after extrusion is brought into a predetermined cooled state in an extrusion expansion method, whereby good formability can be exerted.

An extrusion device includes a material inlet; a material outlet; a material guidance system; a body, which passes through the material outlet and a cross-sectional area through which the extrusion material is expelled from the material outlet changes; a drive device; a cooling line system for guiding coolant. A first part of the cooling line system is suitable for guiding the coolant along the axis, a second part is suitable for guiding the coolant out of the body and around the drive device, and a third part of the cooling line system guiding the coolant outwardly, into a discharge line for the coolant at an incline to the axis. The second part of the cooling line system adjoins the first part of the cooling line system, and the third part adjoins the second part against a flow direction of the extrusion material from the material inlet to the material outlet.

A method for producing a biaxially oriented tube from thermoplastic material, wherein a tube in preform condition is extruded from thermoplastic material and is subjected to a temperature conditioning. Use is made of an expansion device and of a drawing device which is arranged downstream of the expansion device. The expansion device includes a non-deformable expansion part and a run-on part located upstream of the expansion part and having an upstream sealing member. The expansion device further includes a first gas discharge duct having one or more first inlet ports in the exterior surface of the expansion device, a first inlet port being open or closed or partly closed dependent on whether or not the first inlet port is covered and closed, or partly closed, by the tube.

The method for extruding and labeling a packaging tube comprises the following successive steps: a) forming a partially or totally tubular label from a film in a shaper; b) inserting the label into a calibration element; c) extruding a tubular body at the concave-face side of the label in an extrusion head; d) bringing the outer face of the extruded tubular body into contact with the concave face of the label. In the method, the label comprises at least one layer of which the melting temperature is at least 20° C. higher than the melting temperature of the extruded tubular body. A first pressure difference is formed in the extruded tube with an air jet.

The invention also relates to a device for implementing said method and to a tube obtained by said method.

An extrusion device includes a material inlet for feeding an extrusion material into the extrusion device; a material outlet, which is arranged opposite the material inlet along an axis, in order to expel the extrusion material from the extrusion device; a material guidance system for guiding the extrusion material from the material inlet to the material outlet; a body, which is arranged on the axis, is movable along the axis, passes through the material outlet and is designed in such a way that, as the body moves along the axis, a cross-sectional area through which the extrusion material is expelled from the material outlet changes; a drive device, arranged along the axis, for moving the body along the axis; a cooling line system for guiding coolant. Here, a first part of the cooling line system is arranged in the interior of the body and is suitable for guiding the coolant along the axis, a second part of the cooling line system is suitable for guiding the coolant out of the body away from the axis and for conducting said coolant around the drive device, and a third part of the cooling line system is suitable for guiding the coolant outwardly into a discharge line for the coolant at an incline to the axis. The second part of the cooling line system adjoins the first part of the cooling line system, and the third part of the cooling line system adjoins the second part of the cooling line system against a flow direction of the extrusion material from the material inlet to the material outlet.

Methods have been discovered that make it possible to continuously extrude tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof. These methods allow tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof to be produced without radial deformation of the tubes despite the slow crystallization of the polymer and copolymers. The methods can produce tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof with tightly defined outside and inside diameters which are required for medical application. These tubes are produced by radial expansion at temperatures above the melting temperature of P4HB and copolymers thereof, and using low tube cooling temperatures and prolonged cooling times. The tubes made from P4HB and copolymers thereof are flexible, and can be prepared with high elongation to break values.