Improved battery separators, base films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of making and/or using such separators, films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of enhancing battery or cell charge rates, charge capacity, and/or discharge rates, and/or methods of improving batteries, systems including such batteries, vehicles including such batteries and/or systems, and/or the like; biaxially oriented porous membranes, composites including biaxially oriented porous membranes, biaxially oriented microporous membranes, biaxially oriented macroporous membranes, battery separators with improved charge capacities and the related methods and methods of manufacture, methods of use, and the like; flat sheet membranes, liquid retention media; dry process separators; biaxially stretched separators; dry process biaxially stretched separators having a thickness range between about 5 μm and 50 μm, preferably between about 10 μm and 25 μm, having improved strength, high porosity, and unexpectedly and/or surprisingly high charge capacity, such as, for example, high 10 C rate charge capacity; separators or membranes with high charge capacity and high porosity, excellent charge rate and/or charge capacity performance in a rechargeable and/or secondary lithium battery, such as a lithium ion battery, for high power and/or high energy applications, cells, devices, systems, and/or vehicles, and/or the like; single or multiple ply or layer separators, monolayer separators, trilayer separators, composite separators, laminated separators, co-extruded separators, coated separators, 1 C or higher separators, at least 1 C separators, batteries, cells, systems, devices, vehicles, and/or the like; improved microporous battery separators for secondary lithium batteries, improved microporous battery separators with enhanced or high charge (C) rates, discharge (C) rates, and/or enhanced or high charge capacities in or for secondary lithium batteries, and/or related methods of manufacture, use, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof are disclosed or provided.

Improved battery separators, base films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of making and/or using such separators, films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of enhancing battery or cell charge rates, charge capacity, and/or discharge rates, and/or methods of improving batteries, systems including such batteries, vehicles including such batteries and/or systems, and/or the like; biaxially oriented porous membranes, composites including biaxially oriented porous membranes, biaxially oriented microporous membranes, biaxially oriented macroporous membranes, battery separators with improved charge capacities and the related methods and methods of manufacture, methods of use, and the like; flat sheet membranes, liquid retention media; dry process separators; biaxially stretched separators; dry process biaxially stretched separators having a thickness range between about 5 μm and 50 μm, preferably between about 10 μm and 25 μm, having improved strength, high porosity, and unexpectedly and/or surprisingly high charge capacity, such as, for example, high 10 C rate charge capacity; separators or membranes with high charge capacity and high porosity, excellent charge rate and/or charge capacity performance in a rechargeable and/or secondary lithium battery, such as a lithium ion battery, for high power and/or high energy applications, cells, devices, systems, and/or vehicles, and/or the like; single or multiple ply or layer separators, monolayer separators, trilayer separators, composite separators, laminated separators, co-extruded separators, coated separators, 1 C or higher separators, at least 1 C separators, batteries, cells, systems, devices, vehicles, and/or the like; improved microporous battery separators for secondary lithium batteries, improved microporous battery separators with enhanced or high charge (C) rates, discharge (C) rates, and/or enhanced or high charge capacities in or for secondary lithium batteries, and/or related methods of manufacture, use, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof are disclosed or provided.

The following is provided as a member for a composite material that has excellent durability, impact resistance, and productivity. A member for a composite material containing a resin component that contains polyaryletherketone as a main component. The resin component has a molecular weight distribution of 2 or more and less than 4 and a mass average molecular weight of 63000 or more. The composite material contains a resin and reinforcing fibers having a number average fiber length of 5 mm or more.

A cooling apparatus includes a conveying means which conveys a resin composition formed into a sheet shape along a direction parallel to a surface of the sheet-shaped resin composition and a cooling means which cools the resin composition being conveyed by the conveying means. A temperature of the resin composition just before being cooled by the cooling means is in the range of 40 to 60° C. and the cooling means has a cooling ability to cool the resin composition such that a cooling rate of the resin composition is in the range of 0.2 to 5° C./min. Further, the cooling means includes a fan section having at least one outlet port which discharges cooling air of which temperature is in the range of −40 to 0° C. to the resin composition.

The present invention aims to provide an ETFE film having excellent transparency and heat resistance and cost efficiency. The present invention relates to a film including a copolymer containing an ethylene unit, a tetrafluoroethylene unit, and a (fluoroalkyl)ethylene unit represented by Formula (1):
CH.sub.2═CX—Rf  (1)
wherein X represents H or F, and Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, the copolymer containing the (fluoroalkyl)ethylene unit in an amount of 0.8 to 2.5 mol % relative to the amount of all the monomer units and containing the ethylene unit and the tetrafluoroethylene unit at a molar ratio of 30.0/70.0 to 50.0/50.0, the film having a crystallinity of 68% or less, the crystallinity being calculated on the basis of a diffraction intensity curve of the film resulting from X-ray diffraction measurement.

Improved battery separators, base films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of making and/or using such separators, films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of enhancing battery or cell charge rates, charge capacity, and/or discharge rates, and/or methods of improving batteries, systems including such batteries, vehicles including such batteries and/or systems, and/or the like; biaxially oriented porous membranes, composites including biaxially oriented porous membranes, biaxially oriented microporous membranes, biaxially oriented macroporous membranes, battery separators with improved charge capacities and the related methods and methods of manufacture, methods of use, and the like; flat sheet membranes, liquid retention media; dry process separators; biaxially stretched separators; dry process biaxially stretched separators having a thickness range between about 5 μm and 50 μm, preferably between about 10 μm and 25 μm, having improved strength, high porosity, and unexpectedly and/or surprisingly high charge capacity, such as, for example, high 10 C rate charge capacity; separators or membranes with high charge capacity and high porosity, excellent charge rate and/or charge capacity performance in a rechargeable and/or secondary lithium battery, such as a lithium ion battery, for high power and/or high energy applications, cells, devices, systems, and/or vehicles, and/or the like; single or multiple ply or layer separators, monolayer separators, trilayer separators, composite separators, laminated separators, co-extruded separators, coated separators, 1 C or higher separators, at least 1 C separators, batteries, cells, systems, devices, vehicles, and/or the like; improved microporous battery separators for secondary lithium batteries, improved microporous battery separators with enhanced or high charge (C) rates, discharge (C) rates, and/or enhanced or high charge capacities in or for secondary lithium batteries, and/or related methods of manufacture, use, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof are disclosed or provided.

A extrusion process and apparatus for the deposition of precise, usually small amounts of extrudate (4) for adhesion to a substrate (1) comprising an extruder (2) positioned close to the substrate (1) and a jet of hot gas (6) directed onto the extrudate (1) between the extruder (2) and the substrate (1) in order to retain the adhesive properties between the extrudate (4) and the substrate (1).

The invention relates to a method for automatically regulating the size of a nozzle discharge slot of a nozzle assembly, wherein the nozzle assembly comprises a first and a second nozzle lip and a nozzle discharge slot arranged between the nozzle lips for setting in a controlled manner a thickness profile of a conveyable melt. A plurality of adjusting elements, in particular a plurality of adjusting pins, which are coupled to a respective thermoelement, is arranged at the first nozzle lip, wherein the thermoelements are controllable by the regulation in such a way that the slot adjustment can be realized by the action of a mechanical force from the respective adjusting element on the first nozzle lip as a result of an expansion or contraction of the thermoelements. An adjustment of the adjusting elements is carried out automatically based on measurement signals of at least one sensor, wherein the sensor is designed and/or arranged at the nozzle assembly in such a way that conclusions can be drawn about the thickness profile of the melt. The right-hand and left-hand edge region of the melt is monitored by means of the sensor and is controlled or regulated in such a way that the respective edge region is set by adjusting the adjusting elements depending on the material, in particular viscosity and/or viscoelasticity, and/or quality criteria and/or a conveying speed. The invention further relates to a control and/or regulation system.

A extrusion process and apparatus for the deposition of precise, usually small amounts of extrudate (4) for adhesion to a substrate (1) comprising an extruder (2) positioned close to the substrate (1) and a jet of hot gas (6) directed onto the extrudate (1) between the extruder (2) and the substrate (1) in order to retain the adhesive properties between the extrudate (4) and the substrate (1).

In one example embodiment, disclosed is a biaxially oriented multilayer film, which may include a first tie layer and a second tie layer, wherein each has an inside surface and an outside surface. The film's core layer may consist of: (i) at least 50 wt. % high-crystalline polypropylene; (ii) both cyclic olefin copolymer and polypropylene homopolymer, or, polypropylene heterophasic copolymer; (iii) and, optionally, additives, wherein the core layer is between the inside surface of the first tie layer and the inside surface of the second tie layer. The film may also include a first skin layer on the outside surface of the first tie layer and a second skin layer on the outside surface of the second tie layer, wherein shrinkage is less than 3.5% in a transverse direction for the biaxially oriented multilayer film after subjecting the biaxially oriented multilayer film to 135° C. for 7 min at 1 atm.