A sash (62) of a window opening up to 180° and capable of tilting is mounted onto a fixedly installed frame profile (63) and houses a pair of superimposing sashes that fit tightly therein when in closure position, i.e. an upper stationary sash (65) and a lower movable-divertible sash (64), each of the sashes (64,65) provided with laterally extending shafts (49) for connection with sash (62), roller wheels (50) provided onto the shafts (49) of sash (64) that roll within a predefined path created by insert guide profile members (19) and diverter guide members (66,68) to alternately bring sash (64) in a position of superimposing sash (65) and a position of alignment with the same. Lifting mechanisms (46) provided with a regulatory screw (84) for adjusting the pretension of a spring component thereof and thereby the force required by the user for moving the sash (64) are installed within the vertically extending sides of the sash (62).

A sash (62) of a window opening up to 180° and capable of tilting is mounted onto a fixedly installed frame profile (63) and houses a pair of superimposing sashes that fit tightly therein when in closure position, i.e. an upper stationary sash (65) and a lower movable-divertible sash (64), each of the sashes (64,65) provided with laterally extending shafts (49) for connection with sash (62), roller wheels (50) provided onto the shafts (49) of sash (64) that roll within a predefined path created by insert guide profile members (19) and diverter guide members (66,68) to alternately bring sash (64) in a position of superimposing sash (65) and a position of alignment with the same. Lifting mechanisms (46) provided with a regulatory screw (84) for adjusting the pretension of a spring component thereof and thereby the force required by the user for moving the sash (64) are installed within the vertically extending sides of the sash (62).

Methods and systems are disclosed for onsite real-time manufacturing of any length, shape, size, and any thickness pipe; placing it inside an existing pipe or conduit to be repaired and/or reinforced; and filling the annular space between the manufactured and the existing pipe or conduit with desired filling materials. Strips of fabrics saturated with resin are helically wrapped around desired shape mandrels in one direction and removed, at least partially cured, to form such pipes onsite. Manufactured pipes eliminate almost all weaknesses of plastic, metal and concrete pipes and noticeably reduce costs of transportation as well as manufacturing. One of the advantages of the manufactured pipes is that they have no joints, limiting the leakage and other problems associated with joints in ordinary pipes. Another advantage of the manufactured pipes is that it can have any number of desired layers at any desire cross-section of the manufactured pipe.

Methods and systems are disclosed for onsite real-time manufacturing of any length, shape, size, and any thickness pipe; placing it inside an existing pipe or conduit to be repaired and/or reinforced; and filling the annular space between the manufactured and the existing pipe or conduit with desired filling materials. Strips of fabrics saturated with resin are helically wrapped around desired shape mandrels in one direction and removed, at least partially cured, to form such pipes onsite. Manufactured pipes eliminate almost all weaknesses of plastic, metal and concrete pipes and noticeably reduce costs of transportation as well as manufacturing. One of the advantages of the manufactured pipes is that they have no joints, limiting the leakage and other problems associated with joints in ordinary pipes. Another advantage of the manufactured pipes is that it can have any number of desired layers at any desire cross-section of the manufactured pipe.

A method of determining a void volume during manufacture of a composite pipe formed of concentric layers of adjacently positioned, helical windings of composite tape has the steps of: (a) scanning the surface of a layer of adjacently positioned, helical windings to generate scanning information; (b) using the scanning information to locate gap(s) between adjacent windings and to determine the number of gaps and characteristic dimensions of each gap in the layer; and (c) generating a calculated void volume of the layer, using the number of gaps and the characteristic dimensions of each gap for the layer. The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus for determining a void volume during manufacture of a composite pipe formed of concentric layers of helically wound composite tape.

A method of determining a void volume during manufacture of a composite pipe formed of concentric layers of adjacently positioned, helical windings of composite tape has the steps of: (a) scanning the surface of a layer of adjacently positioned, helical windings to generate scanning information; (b) using the scanning information to locate gap(s) between adjacent windings and to determine the number of gaps and characteristic dimensions of each gap in the layer; and (c) generating a calculated void volume of the layer, using the number of gaps and the characteristic dimensions of each gap for the layer. The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus for determining a void volume during manufacture of a composite pipe formed of concentric layers of helically wound composite tape.

A helical winding unit of a filament winding apparatus includes guide members guiding fiber bundles F to a liner, a movement mechanism moving the guide members, and a rotation mechanism rotating the guide members. Each of the guide members includes two side walls and guide portions fixed between the two side walls. As the guide portions, a first guide portion having a first guide surface and a second guide portion having a second guide surface and provided downstream of the first guide portion are provided. In the height direction, the first guide surface is oriented to one side. The second guide surface is oriented to the other side in the height direction and provided on the other side of the first guide surface.

In a filament winding apparatus, a supplying device supplies fiber bundles to a surface of a core material. A moving part is movable relative to the core material, and rotatable around a rotational axis extending in a vertical direction. A small diameter aligning guide part is placed at the moving part and has an opening portion through which the core material can pass. The small diameter aligning guide part guides fiber bundles to an outer peripheral surface of the core material such that the fiber bundles are arranged side by side in a circumferential direction of the core material. The tightening fiber bobbin supporting part is placed at the moving part and rotates around a center of the opening portion. A winding guide rotates with the tightening fiber bobbin supporting part and guides a tightening fiber bundle drawn from a tightening fiber bobbin toward the surface of the core material.

In a filament winding apparatus, a supplying device supplies fiber bundles to a surface of a core material. A moving part is movable relative to the core material, and rotatable around a rotational axis extending in a vertical direction. A small diameter aligning guide part is placed at the moving part and has an opening portion through which the core material can pass. The small diameter aligning guide part guides fiber bundles to an outer peripheral surface of the core material such that the fiber bundles are arranged side by side in a circumferential direction of the core material. The tightening fiber bobbin supporting part is placed at the moving part and rotates around a center of the opening portion. A winding guide rotates with the tightening fiber bobbin supporting part and guides a tightening fiber bundle drawn from a tightening fiber bobbin toward the surface of the core material.

A breathing circuit component includes an inlet, an outlet and an enclosing wall. The enclosing wall defines a gases passageway between the inlet and the outlet. At least a region of the enclosing wall is formed from a breathable material that allows the passage of water vapor without allowing the passage of liquid water or respiratory gases. The breathing circuit component may be the expiratory limb of a breathing circuit.