A method for producing a multilayer member having a first member containing a crystallizable thermoplastic resin, an adhesion layer, and a second member includes performing a dry treatment on a surface of the first member containing a crystallizable thermoplastic resin so as to satisfy conditions A and B, applying an adhesive to the surface of the first member to form an adhesive layer on the surface, and adhering the second member to the adhesive layer. (A) The ultimate temperature of the first member is lower than the peak temperature of endothermic peak obtained by DSC of the crystallizable thermoplastic resin. (B) The high temperature holding time of the first member is less than 3.0 seconds, which is when the first member is continuously held at a temperature not lower than a temperature at the starting point of the endothermic peak obtained by DSC of the crystallizable thermoplastic resin.

A method for producing a multilayer member having a first member containing a crystallizable thermoplastic resin, an adhesion layer, and a second member includes performing a dry treatment on a surface of the first member containing a crystallizable thermoplastic resin so as to satisfy conditions A and B, applying an adhesive to the surface of the first member to form an adhesive layer on the surface, and adhering the second member to the adhesive layer. (A) The ultimate temperature of the first member is lower than the peak temperature of endothermic peak obtained by DSC of the crystallizable thermoplastic resin. (B) The high temperature holding time of the first member is less than 3.0 seconds, which is when the first member is continuously held at a temperature not lower than a temperature at the starting point of the endothermic peak obtained by DSC of the crystallizable thermoplastic resin.

A device for generating bubbles, comprising a porous material having at least one hydrophilic surface (1), arranged such that a liquid (7) in which the bubbles (6) are intended to be formed may contact the hydrophilic surface (1) and at least one hydrophobic surface (2), arranged such that a gas (5) used to generate the bubbles (6) may flow past the hydrophobic surface (2) before it flows past the hydrophilic surface (1). The device may be used for creating fine bubbles in numerous applications, such as wastewater treatment, plant cultivation, aquafarming, aeration systems, bioreactors, fermeters, oil extraction or fuel cells.

This method for manufacturing a light absorber includes: a first step for irradiating a resin substrate with ion beams; a second step for etching the irradiated resin substrate with an alkaline solution to form an uneven surface on the surface thereof; a third step for forming a transfer body which covers the uneven surface of the etched resin substrate; and a fourth step for peeling off the transfer body from the resin substrate to obtain a light absorber. A metal film, a photocurable resin, and a silicone rubber are disclosed as an example of the transfer body.

An imprint apparatus including an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a peripheral region of a pattern region of a mold with light while the mold is in contact with an imprint material on a substrate so as to make a polymerization degree of the imprint material between the peripheral region and the substrate fall within a range higher than a polymerization degree in an initial state when the imprint material is supplied onto the substrate and lower than a polymerization degree in a final state when the imprint material is cured, and a control unit configured to control, for each shot region on the substrate, a value of a second parameter for controlling irradiation with the light from the irradiation unit based on a value of a first parameter for controlling a contact step.

An imprint apparatus including an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a peripheral region of a pattern region of a mold with light while the mold is in contact with an imprint material on a substrate so as to make a polymerization degree of the imprint material between the peripheral region and the substrate fall within a range higher than a polymerization degree in an initial state when the imprint material is supplied onto the substrate and lower than a polymerization degree in a final state when the imprint material is cured, and a control unit configured to control, for each shot region on the substrate, a value of a second parameter for controlling irradiation with the light from the irradiation unit based on a value of a first parameter for controlling a contact step.

A pattern forming method comprises dispensing a curable composition onto an underlayer of a substrate; bringing the curable composition into contact with a mold; irradiating the curable composition with light to form a cured film; and separating the cured film from the mold. The proportion of the number of carbon atoms relative to the total number of atoms in the underlayer is 80% or more. The dispensing step comprises a first dispensing step of dispensing a curable composition (A1) substantially free of a fluorosurfactant onto the underlayer, and a second dispensing step of dripping a droplet of a curable composition (A2) having a fluorosurfactant concentration in components excluding a solvent of 1.1% by mass or less onto the curable composition (A1) discretely.

A pattern forming method comprises dispensing a curable composition onto an underlayer of a substrate; bringing the curable composition into contact with a mold; irradiating the curable composition with light to form a cured film; and separating the cured film from the mold. The proportion of the number of carbon atoms relative to the total number of atoms in the underlayer is 80% or more. The dispensing step comprises a first dispensing step of dispensing a curable composition (A1) substantially free of a fluorosurfactant onto the underlayer, and a second dispensing step of dripping a droplet of a curable composition (A2) having a fluorosurfactant concentration in components excluding a solvent of 1.1% by mass or less onto the curable composition (A1) discretely.

A method for manufacturing a structure on a surface of a workpiece (1) is disclosed, the method having the following steps: applying a liquid base layer (2) onto the surface of the workpiece (1); spraying on at least one droplet (3) into the not yet congealed base layer (2), wherein the at least one droplet (3) at least partially, preferably completely, penetrates into the base layer (2); fixing the base layer (2); and at least partially removing the at least one droplet (3). Further, a second method having the following steps is disclosed: spraying on at least one droplet (3) onto the surface of the workpiece (1); applying a liquid base layer (2) onto the surface of the workpiece (1), wherein the base layer (2) flows around the at least one droplet (3) and preferably at least partially covers the at least one droplet (3); fixing the base layer (2); at least partially removing the at least one droplet (3). Finally, a device for performing the methods is disclosed.

A method for manufacturing a structure on a surface of a workpiece (1) is disclosed, the method having the following steps: applying a liquid base layer (2) onto the surface of the workpiece (1); spraying on at least one droplet (3) into the not yet congealed base layer (2), wherein the at least one droplet (3) at least partially, preferably completely, penetrates into the base layer (2); fixing the base layer (2); and at least partially removing the at least one droplet (3). Further, a second method having the following steps is disclosed: spraying on at least one droplet (3) onto the surface of the workpiece (1); applying a liquid base layer (2) onto the surface of the workpiece (1), wherein the base layer (2) flows around the at least one droplet (3) and preferably at least partially covers the at least one droplet (3); fixing the base layer (2); at least partially removing the at least one droplet (3). Finally, a device for performing the methods is disclosed.