According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided means for maximizing the amount of cellulose content in 3D-printable bio-based thermoplastic materials and increasing temperature resistance compared to the existing bio-based thermoplastic materials used in additive manufacturing.

A cellulose ester composition is provided comprising at least one low hydroxyl content cellulose ester and at least one polymeric aliphatic polyester (PAP), and optionally at least one impact modifier and/or at least one monomeric plasticizer. Processes for producing the cellulose ester compositions as well as articles made using these compositions are also provided.

The present invention provides an ocean compostable thermoplastic material that may be used in final consumer products, for example, plastic packaging, shrink wrap, and food storage bags.

Example biodegradable tubular members and methods of producing biodegradable tubular members are described. A biodegradable product includes an elongated tubular member. The elongated tubular member includes one or more cellulose esters and a plurality of pores in the tubular member. The plurality of pores are sized and structured in the elongated tubular member to allow permeation or infiltration of at least one of water or bacteria into at least a portion of the plurality of pores and promote biodegradability of the elongated tubular member.

A resin composition includes a resin having a biomass-derived carbon atom, in which a D2 test piece made from the resin composition by a method defined in ISO 294-3:2002 has a contact angle with distilled water of 65 degrees to 85 degrees, the contact angle being measured by a method defined in ISO 15989:2004.

A resin composition includes a resin (A) having a biomass-derived carbon atom, in which a ratio (Ef80/Ef80) of a storage modulus Ef80 to a loss modulus Ef80 at a frequency of 1 Hz and at a temperature of 80 C. is from 5 to 15 in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement defined in JIS K7244-3:1999.

A resin composition includes a resin having a biomass-derived carbon atom and satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (3), (1) a content of an iron element in the resin composition is from 0.1 ppm to 5 ppm with respect to the resin composition, (2) a content of a nickel element in the resin composition is from 0.05 ppm to 2 ppm with respect to the resin composition, and (3) a content of a chromium element in the resin composition is from 0.05 ppm to 3 ppm with respect to the resin composition.

Provided is a resin composition, containing a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms, wherein a ratio (F.sup.7/F.sup.14) of a bending creep elastic modulus F.sup.7 to a bending creep elastic modulus F.sup.14 is 1.9 to 6.0. The F.sup.7 is measured under conditions of a temperature of 60 C. and a load of 7 MPa for 1,000 hours, and the F.sup.14 is measured under conditions of a temperature of 60 C. and a load of 14 MPa for 1,000 hours, in accordance with a method specified in ISO 899-2: 1993.

Provided is a resin composition containing a resin having a biomass-derived carbon atom. The resin composition satisfies conditions (1), (2) and (3): (1) a puncture energy value of a puncture impact test measured with a striker mass of 5 kg and a falling height of 0.66 m in accordance with ISO 6603-2:2000 using a test piece of 2 mm in thickness prepared from the resin composition is 10 J or more; (2) a tensile elastic modulus measured in accordance with ISO 527-1:2012 using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition is 1500 MPa or more; and (3) a value of melt mass flow rate (Wit) measured in accordance with ISO 1133:1997 at a load of 10 kgf and a temperature of 200 C. is 5 g/min to 90 g/min.

A resin composition containing a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms, the resin composition satisfying conditions (1A) and (2): (1A) a static friction coefficient is 0.2 to 0.4, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under conditions of a moving speed of 100 mm/min; and (2) a tensile elastic modulus is 1400 MPa to 2500 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-1: 2012, using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition.