There is provided a method for producing a metal-resin composite which includes a resin member and a metal member having a roughened surface in at least a portion of the surface thereof, the resin member being joined so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the roughened surface. The method includes a step of joining the resin member and the metal member by melting the resin member with the frictional heat generated in the surface of the metal member on its side opposite to the resin member in a state where the metal member and the resin member are superposed. The method includes making adjustment so that when the roughened surface is measured at arbitrary five points by using a confocal microscope according to ISO 25178, the developed area ratio (Sdr) is 5 or more in terms of number-average value.

There is provided a method for producing a metal-resin composite which includes a resin member and a metal member having a roughened surface in at least a portion of the surface thereof, the resin member being joined so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the roughened surface. The method includes a step of joining the resin member and the metal member by melting the resin member with the frictional heat generated in the surface of the metal member on its side opposite to the resin member in a state where the metal member and the resin member are superposed. The method includes making adjustment so that when the roughened surface is measured at arbitrary five points by using a confocal microscope according to ISO 25178, the developed area ratio (Sdr) is 5 or more in terms of number-average value.

A method is for producing a coextruded and biaxially stretched composite film using a novel combination of stretching and relaxation steps. A corresponding composite film has little or no shrinkage.

An apparatus is configured to make containers from sheet material. The apparatus includes a supply station for supplying a film having at least one folded portion having three or more film flaps folded and superimposed with respect to each other; a welding station configured to receive the film. The welding station comprises a welding head configured for welding the folded portion of the film and forming a container defining a housing compartment; the welding head comprises a heater made of electrically conductive material whose electrical resistivity, at least in a predetermined temperature range, decreases upon the increase of the temperature of the same electrically conductive material.

An apparatus is configured to make containers from sheet material. The apparatus includes a supply station for supplying a film having at least one folded portion having three or more film flaps folded and superimposed with respect to each other; a welding station configured to receive the film. The welding station comprises a welding head configured for welding the folded portion of the film and forming a container defining a housing compartment; the welding head comprises a heater made of electrically conductive material whose electrical resistivity, at least in a predetermined temperature range, decreases upon the increase of the temperature of the same electrically conductive material.

An apparatus for vacuumizing and sealing a package includes a plurality of platens and vacuum chambers, each chamber adapted to mate with a dedicated one of the platens; a conveying system for conveying the platens and chambers along a generally angular path having a single axis of rotation; an automated loading assembly having a linear component and configured to load a package onto each of the platens; an automated unloading assembly having a linear portion and configured to unload a vacuumized, sealed package from each loaded platen onto an outfeed conveyor; and a vacuumizing/sealing system configured to cause relative movement of each chamber/platen pair, along a portion of the angular path, to form therebetween an air-tight enclosure accommodating the package and effect vacuumization and sealing of the package.

An apparatus for vacuumizing and sealing a package includes a plurality of platens and vacuum chambers, each chamber adapted to mate with a dedicated one of the platens; a conveying system for conveying the platens and chambers along a generally angular path having a single axis of rotation; an automated loading assembly having a linear component and configured to load a package onto each of the platens; an automated unloading assembly having a linear portion and configured to unload a vacuumized, sealed package from each loaded platen onto an outfeed conveyor; and a vacuumizing/sealing system configured to cause relative movement of each chamber/platen pair, along a portion of the angular path, to form therebetween an air-tight enclosure accommodating the package and effect vacuumization and sealing of the package.

A laser-welded body includes at least three of resin members, which contain a thermoplastic resin including: a first resin member which is a laser-irradiated subject, has an absorbance a.sub.1 of 0.01 to 0.12; a second resin member which has an absorbance a.sub.2 of 0.1 to 0.9 and includes a butted part where ends of one or more resin members are brought into contact with each other; and a third resin member which has an absorbance a.sub.3 of 0.2 to 3.8, and the absorbances a.sub.2, a.sub.3 exhibited by the second resin member and the third resin member are attributed to the inclusion of nigrosine as a laser beam absorbent therein, and the resin members are overlapped in the above mentioned to form contacted parts at these interfaces, at least a part of the butted part and/or the contacted parts are laser-welded.

A laser-welded body includes at least three of resin members, which contain a thermoplastic resin including: a first resin member which is a laser-irradiated subject, has an absorbance a.sub.1 of 0.01 to 0.12; a second resin member which has an absorbance a.sub.2 of 0.1 to 0.9 and includes a butted part where ends of one or more resin members are brought into contact with each other; and a third resin member which has an absorbance a.sub.3 of 0.2 to 3.8, and the absorbances a.sub.2, a.sub.3 exhibited by the second resin member and the third resin member are attributed to the inclusion of nigrosine as a laser beam absorbent therein, and the resin members are overlapped in the above mentioned to form contacted parts at these interfaces, at least a part of the butted part and/or the contacted parts are laser-welded.

There is provided a method of making a curved barrier film, including: depositing a barrier layer between a first organic layer and a second organic layer to form a barrier film; and thermoforming or vacuum-forming the barrier film from a flat barrier film to a curved barrier film; wherein the barrier film includes the barrier layer having two opposing major surfaces, wherein the barrier layer includes buckling deformations and non-buckling regions; the first organic layer in direct contact with one of the opposing major surfaces of the barrier layer; and the second organic layer in direct contact with the other of the opposing major surfaces of the barrier layer.