A hand tool includes an elongate, plate shaped steel core having a top face and a bottom face in parallel planes, a drive head portion formed at one end of the steel core and having a drive head cavity formed therein, a tang portion extending from the drive head portion to the other end of the steel core, a ratchet assembly disposed in the drive head cavity, and a first encapsulation layer covering the tang portion and the drive head portion, but not covering at least a portion of the ratchet assembly. The first encapsulation layer may include a fiber reinforced plastic composite material.

Provided is a secondary battery, including: an electrode assembly, a packing bag, an electrode lead and an insulation part; the electrode assembly is housed in the packing bag having a sealing part on edge, and the electrode lead is connected to the electrode assembly and passes through the sealing part. The sealing part includes a main body area, a first step area and a first transition area which are located on same side of the electrode lead along width direction, and the main body area, first transition area and first step area are successively arranged along direction approaching the electrode lead; the insulation part is wrapped around the electrode lead, and has a first portion which is located on a side of the electrode lead close to the main body area along width direction and covered by the first step area on both sides in thickness direction.

An object is to provide a metal-resin bonded member that is easy to manufacture and has high bonding strength. The metal-resin bonded member includes a metal body having an iron oxide layer on the surface and a resin body bonded to the metal body via the iron oxide layer. The iron oxide layer has a thickness of 50 nm to 10 μm. The iron oxide layer comprises 60-40 at % Fe and 40-60 at % O at the outermost surface side. The iron oxide layer contains magnetite (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4). The iron oxide layer is formed by heating the surface of an iron-based substrate at 200-850° C. in an oxidation atmosphere. The resin body is composed of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The bonding of the metal body and the resin body via the iron oxide layer can be carried out by insert molding, thermal adhesion utilizing friction heating, etc.

A liftgate (10) for a vehicle having at least one overmolding bracket (28) with at least one open mounting surface on the bracket for liftgate hardware attachments. In addition, overmolding the bracket (28) and maintaining at least one hole (26) for tether routing. The liftgate allows the overmolding of the bracket (28) and maintains a lower cost fastener joint that does not require extra components or special components such a compression limiters and rivet nuts or brackets that cannot be overmolded.

In a metal-fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite, the FRP and the metal member are bonded together, so internal stress (thermal stress) is generated due to the misfit of coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal member and the FRP. Not only does the binder layer peel off and the mechanical properties of the FRP cannot be obtained, but also defects in appearance (surface strain) occur. Therefore, the technical problem is to secure the mechanical properties as a composite while easing the internal stress and keeping surface strain from being generated.

The metal-fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite according to the present invention solves the technical problem by sandwiching an FRP between two metal members and not having at least one of the metal members joined (bonded) with the FRP. Further, it is possible to arrange an intermediate member between the other metal member and the FRP and sandwich the FRP between the two metal members through the intermediate member.

Techniques are described for injection molding. When material inside a cavity of a tool is solidified into a molded part, the tool imparts a finished surface onto the part, including sidewalls with a zero or low-draft angle. To allow separation from the cavity without using sleeves or sliders, the cavity is widened, just prior to the part being ejected. The tool is made from metal with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, so the size of the cavity can be manipulated using temperature control. Heat applied to an outer portion of the metal surrounding the cavity pulls the metal away from the part creating an air gap within the cavity. Carefully applied cooling to an inner portion of the metal blocks the heat and keeps the surface temperature under control, which preserves the finished surface on the part. When the air gap allows, the part releases from the cavity with the finished surface intact.

A composite material bush may include a center plate; and an outer foam which is arranged outside the center plate to surround the center plate and is made of different kinds of materials.

A method of joining together liner sections within a polymer-lined pipe energises an induction coil inside the pipe to spot-heat part of a circumferential interface between the liner sections. This melts and fuses the polymer material locally. The induction coil is then moved along the interface to heat other parts of the interface successively above the melting temperature. An apparatus for performing the method has a power supply for energising the induction coil and a drive system for moving the energised induction coil relative to a body of the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured as a carriage that is movable along the pipe.

Over an outer peripheral surface of a sleeve, a primer layer is formed that is a thermoplastic resin-based adhesive thermally melted at a temperature lower than a melting point of a thermoplastic resin formed into a resin member to exhibit adhesiveness. With the sleeve preheated, a thermoplastic resin to be formed into the resin member is annularly injection-molded over an outer periphery of the sleeve.

A liftgate having an overmolded hinge point comprising a metal reinforcement overmolded with a polymer and having a compression limiter portion molded in. The compression limiter portion including a tubular portion for receiving a fastener encapsulated during overmolding and having overmolded gusset ribs extending therefrom during the overmolding process.