Forming systems and assemblies as disclosed herein comprise a composite material comprising a structural component and a resin component combined with the reinforcing component. A forming element is disposed within the composite material and has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than that of the composite material. The forming element is positioned to provide a desired integral structural reinforcement and/or surface feature to the composite. The composite material may comprise one or more passages extending from a surface thereof to the forming element. The composite material may be cured by heat to take a set configuration and then allowed to cool. The cooling of the composite material and the forming element enables the forming element to contract relative to the composite material and become delaminated therefrom to facilitate easy removal, and thereby provide an improved method and assembly for making structural reinforcing features in composite structures.

A porous polymer composite for daytime radiative cooling includes a porous polymer matrix comprising a thermoplastic polymer and including a plurality of pores, and selectively emitting particles dispersed in the porous polymer matrix. When exposed to solar radiation, the porous polymer composite comprises an infrared emissivity of at least about 80% in a wavelength range of 8-13 μm and/or a solar reflectivity of at least about 80% in a wavelength range of 0.3-2 μm.

It comprises: a film made of a resin in which an aperture pattern is formed, the aperture pattern passing through the film, the aperture being with a shape and dimension corresponding to the thin-film pattern in a pre-established region for formation of the thin-film pattern on the substrate; and a metal member that has an aperture part opposite the aperture pattern with a shape and dimension larger than the aperture pattern, the metal member being provided as a thin sheet in intimate contact with one surface of the film on an outside part of the aperture pattern of the film. The film is mutually distanced and distributed, at a position where the film does not overlap the aperture pattern, into a plurality of divided parts on one surface of the metal member.

The present invention relates to a compression limiter made of a first thermoplastic composition comprising a semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide. The invention further relates to a process for producing the compression limiter, and to an assembly comprising the compression limiter and a thermoplastic body made of a second thermoplastic polyamide composition. According to the invention, the compression limiter is made of a thermoplastic composition.

Aspects disclosed herein include a composite material comprising: one or more shape memory polymers; and a first additive provided in the shape memory polymer(s); wherein: the first additive increases one or more ultrasound-absorption characteristics of the composite material compared to that of the same shape memory polymer(s) free of said first additive; the composite material is characterized by a composite transition temperature (T.sub.cm,trans); and the composite material or one or more portions thereof undergo a shape change from a temporary shape to a permanent shape when the composite material or said one or more portions thereof are heated to within 35° C. of T.sub.cm,trans or a temperature approximately equal to or greater than T.sub.cm,trans.

A method for injection molding of a weld line free minus power lens element comprises injecting a melt of thermoplastic material at a temperature higher than a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic material in an initial molding cavity delimited by two facing mold inserts, wherein the melt of thermoplastic material comprises at least one UV absorber. During the injecting, the two facing mold inserts are moved toward one another to define a final molding cavity whose volume is less than that of the initial molding cavity. After cooling and disassembling of the two facing mold inserts, the weld line free minus power lens element is recovered. One of the two facing mold inserts comprises a flat surface facing the initial molding cavity, thereby to form a flat surface on one side of the weld line free minus power lens element. The other of the two facing mold inserts comprises a convex surface facing the initial molding cavity, thereby to form a concave surface on an opposite side of the weld line free minus power lens element.

A method for producing an object comprises the step of producing the object by means of an additive manufacturing process from a construction material. The construction material comprises a first polyurethane polymer which has: a weight percentage ratio of O to N of ≥2 to ≤2.5, determined by elementary analysis; a weight percentage ratio of N to C of ≥0.1 to ≤0.25, determined by elementary analysis; a full-width at half maximum of the melting peak of ≤20 K, determined by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry DSC (2.sup.nd heating at heating rate 20 k/min); and a difference between the melting temperature and the recrystallisation temperature of ≥5 K and ≤100 K, determined by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry DSC (2.sup.nd heating) at a heating and cooling rate of 20 K/min.

A hollow molded article having a joining site where two or more split objects are welded by plastic welding and comes into contact with pressurized hydrogen, wherein an average spherulite size in a portion which is 500 μm deep inside from a surface of the hollow molded article is 20 μm or less, and a tensile strength of a test piece containing the joining site of the hollow molded article is 80% or more based on a tensile strength of a test piece not containing the joining site of the hollow molded article.

An object is to suitably press a composite material. A processing apparatus 10 includes: a mold 11 having a pressing surface 11a configured to press a composite material 1 in which a resin and fibers are compounded; a cooling water pipe 12 configured to adjust the temperature of the composite material 1; and a graphite sheet 13 provided between the pressing surface 11a and the composite material 1 and deformed by pressing force from the mold 11, the graphite sheet 13 having higher thermal conductivity in a direction along the pressing surface than in a direction intersecting the pressing surface. The graphite sheet 13 is provided between the entire surface of the pressing surface 11a and the composite material 1.

A shaping apparatus configured to use a shaping material to form a shaped product on a target placed on a shaping stage. The shaping apparatus includes a discharger configured to discharge the shaping material onto the target; and a processor configured to control a distance between the target and the discharger based on a characteristic value of the target.