A gradient index lens includes at least one optical material, wherein the optical material has at least two extension axes at an angle relative to one another, wherein the optical material has a refractive index gradient along at least one of the extension axes the optical material, and wherein the optical material is formed to be coiled around at least one of the extension axes.

An exemplary lamp assembly includes a lens, a base, and a textured surface between an outwardly facing surface of the lens and an outwardly facing surface of the base. An exemplary lamp molding method includes injecting a first material into a mold cavity to form a lens, and injecting a second material against a textured surface of the lens within the mold cavity to form a base.

Provided is a Fresnel lens which has excellent heat resistance and which can covert light even from a poor-quality semiconductor light sources into uniform, high-quality light and can disperse the resulting light without lowering the central illuminance. The Fresnel lens according to the present invention includes two or more sawtooth prisms in a surface thereof and is made of a cured product of a curable composition containing an epoxy compound (A). Of the sawtooth prisms, a sawtooth prism having a longest inclined side in a cross section has a roughened surface, where the cross section is given by cutting the Fresnel lens in a plane which passes through the center of the Fresnel lens and which is perpendicular to a reference plane of the Fresnel lens.

A mold insert for a tooling device for producing an optical component by injection molding, wherein the mold insert is formed at least in part of copper beryllium.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a Fresnel lens mold by performing cutting process on a workpiece with a cutting tool, the Fresnel lens mold having a lens surface and an upright surface alternately arranged. The cutting tool has a first cutting edge having an arc shape with a radius r and a second cutting edge continuous to the first cutting edge. A machining apparatus repeatedly performs a first process of forming, with the first cutting edge, a lens mold surface serving as a mold of a lens surface of a Fresnel lens, and a second process of forming, with the second cutting edge, an upright mold surface serving as a mold of an upright surface of the Fresnel lens to manufacture the Fresnel lens mold.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

An optical element includes a Fresnel surface including valleys between Fresnel segments. Compensation trenches disposed in the valleys are configured to accept excess of an optical layer received in the valleys during a deposition of the optical layer. The compensation trenches are filled with the optical layer.

Provided is a curable composition which has chargeability into silicone molds and curability at excellent levels, less causes the silicone molds to swell, and allows the silicone molds to have better durability and a longer service life in repeated use. The curable composition according to the present invention contains curable compounds and a cationic initiator and is used for production of an optical component by molding using silicone molds. The curable compounds include (A) a cycloaliphatic epoxy compound in a content of 10 weight percent or more of the totality of all the curable compounds contained in the curable composition. Of the totality of all the curable compounds contained in the curable composition, 10 to 50 weight percent is a curable compound or compounds having a molecular weight of 400 or more.

A method for producing an optical article having a Fresnel microstructure and an injection molding system for producing such an article. The method includes heating and cooling a mold and applying a pressure to a thermoplastic material during injection molding of the optical article to facilitate formation of the Fresnel microstructure.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.