The present invention discloses a highly waterproof and highly insulative simple plastic lamp bulb without a conventional lamp cap, including a lampshade, a waterproof insulation plastic lamp cap, a conductive connection piece, and a lamp core body, wherein an insertion portion is provided at the bottom of the lampshade, the lamp core body is inserted into the insertion portion, the conductive connection piece is in electrical connection with the lamp core body, the conductive connection piece is disposed on the insertion portion and then integrally injection-molded into the waterproof insulation plastic lamp cap by an injection molding machine. The production process is simplified, those conventional lamp bulbs with lamp caps of various sizes are replaced, the production costs are reduced, and the daily production volume is increased.

The invention provides a method for producing a 3D item (1) by means of fused deposition modelling, the method comprising a 3D printing stage comprising: layer-wise depositing an extrudate (321) comprising 3D printable material (201), to provide the 3D item (1) comprising 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D item (1) comprises a plurality of layers (322) of 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D printable material (201) comprises core-shell 3D printable material (201) comprising (i) a core (221) comprising core material (240) and (ii) a shell (222) comprising shell material (250), wherein the core material (240) comprises a core thermoplastic material (241) and core additive material (242), wherein the shell material (250) comprises a shell thermoplastic material (251) and shell particles (252), wherein the shell material (250) is light transmissive for one or more wavelengths in the visible wavelength range, wherein the shell particles (252) comprise specularly reflective particles, wherein the core additive material (242) comprises one or more of diffuse reflective particles, white particles, black particles, colored particles, and dye molecules, and wherein the core material (240) and shell material (250) differ in one or more optical properties selected from the group of color, reflectivity, type of reflectivity, and absorption of light.

Novel tools and techniques are provided for implementing improved lighting components for a lighting element. A lighting element might include a cover. The cover might include a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The cover might further include one or more voids located between the outer surface and the inner surface of the wall. The cover and voids may be formed via one or more three-dimensional (“3D”) printing processes.

The invention provides a 3D printed object (210) and a method of manufacturing such an object (210) by means of fused de-position modelling. The method successively comprises the steps of (i) 3D printing a printable material (120) to create a layer stack (230) of printed material (210), wherein the layer stack (210) bounds a space (240), wherein the layer stack (210) has an inner stack surface (231) and an outer stack surface (232), the inner stack surface (231) facing towards the space (240) and the outer stack surface (232) facing away from the space (240), (ii) providing a heat shrink (250) onto the layer stack (230), wherein the heat shrink (250) has an inner heat shrink surface (251) and an outer heat shrink surface (252), the inner heat shrink surface (251) facing towards the outer stack surface (232) and the outer heat shrink surface (252) facing away from the outer stack surface (232), and (iii) applying heat to shrink (250) the heat shrink so that the inner heat shrink surface (251) is in physical contact with the outer stack surface (232) and the heat shrink (250) is conformal to the layer stack (230). The layer stack (230) is light transmissive, and the heat shrink (250) is arranged to provide an optical effect chosen from the group consisting of refraction, diffraction, reflection, diffusion and conversion. The 3D printed object (210) may be used as a component of a lighting device (600), such as a lampshade.

An injection-molded integrated lamp string includes a power line and several lamp bulbs spaced apart on a power line. The lamp bulb comprises a lampshade, a lamp core body, and at least one insulation plastic piece. The lampshade is provided with an insertion portion, and the lamp core body is inserted into the insertion portion and protruded into the lampshade. The lamp core body is provided with at least one LED lamp filament, and both ends of the LED lamp filament are connected with a positive pole conductive wire and a negative pole conductive wire to form a semi-finished lamp bulb. The semi-finished lamp bulb, the positive pole conductive wire, and the negative pole conductive wire are integrally connected with the power line through injection molding. An injection plastic fusion body and the semi-finished lamp bulb are fused integrally through a mold to form a sealing insulation plastic head.

The present invention discloses a highly waterproof and highly insulative simple plastic lamp bulb without a conventional lamp cap, including a lampshade, a waterproof insulation plastic lamp cap, a conductive connection piece, and a lamp core body, wherein an insertion portion is provided at the bottom of the lampshade, the lamp core body is inserted into the insertion portion, the conductive connection piece is in electrical connection with the lamp core body, the conductive connection piece is disposed on the insertion portion and then integrally injection-molded into the waterproof insulation plastic lamp cap by an injection molding machine. The production process is simplified, those conventional lamp bulbs with lamp caps of various sizes are replaced, the production costs are reduced, and the daily production volume is increased.

Light fixtures (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 700) are provided, including a lighting element (10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70), an oriented crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer (12, 22, 42, 52, 62, 72) disposed adjacent to or connected to the lighting element, and a control mechanism (14, 24, 44, 64, 74). The control mechanism is in electrical communication with the lighting element (10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70) and controls an energy output of the lighting element and a temperature of the oriented crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer (12, 22, 42, 52, 62, 72). Typically, when the control mechanism changes the temperature of the oriented crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer, the shape of the polymer changes. A method of making a light fixture (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 700) is also provided. The method includes providing a lighting element (10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70), forming a crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer (12, 22, 42, 52, 62, 72), and disposing the crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer adjacent to the lighting element (10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70) or connecting the crosslinked semi-crystalline polymer to the lighting element. The method further includes electrically connecting a control mechanism (14, 24, 44, 64, 74) with the lighting element.

An injection-molded integrated lamp string includes a power line and several lamp bulbs spaced apart on a power line. The lamp bulb comprises a lampshade, a lamp core body, and at least one insulation plastic piece. The lampshade is provided with an insertion portion, and the lamp core body is inserted into the insertion portion and protruded into the lampshade. The lamp core body is provided with at least one LED lamp filament, and both ends of the LED lamp filament are connected with a positive pole conductive wire and a negative pole conductive wire to form a semi-finished lamp bulb. The semi-finished lamp bulb, the positive pole conductive wire, and the negative pole conductive wire are integrally connected with the power line through injection molding. An injection plastic fusion body and the semi-finished lamp bulb are fused integrally through a mold to form a sealing insulation plastic head.

A body (10) is disclosed for obscuring a light source arrangement (3). The body comprises a surface (20) including a plurality of optically reflective relief structures (30, 30′, 30″), each relief structure comprising a first portion (31) and a second portion (33) adjacent to said first portion extending from said surface, wherein the first portion has a different optical reflectivity to the second portion and neighboring optically reflective relief structures are separated by an optically transparent medium contacting said neighboring optically reflective relief structures. Also disclosed is a luminaire comprising such a body and a method of manufacturing such a body.

Novel tools and techniques are provided for implementing improved lighting components for a lighting element. A lighting element might include a cover. The cover might include a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The cover might further include one or more voids located between the outer surface and the inner surface of the wall. The cover and voids may be formed via one or more three-dimensional (“3D”) printing processes.