A press drive device includes a connecting rod having input and output ends. A drive shaft mounts at first and second mounting points using first and second bearing mechanisms, to be rotatable about shaft axis W. Between the bearing points, the drive shaft includes a connecting rod bearing eccentrical in relation to the shaft axis and to which the input end connects. A motor includes a stator connected in a rotationally fixed manner. A rotor supported by a rotor hub is arranged radially within the stator. The rotor hub connects in a rotationally fixed manner directly to the drive shaft without using any step-up or step-down gear. The rotor, the rotor hub, and the drive shaft mount exclusively at the first bearing point and the second bearing point with no additional bearing points.

In a forming process with a press having in a frame a ram closing through the force of a cylinder with a moveable piston against a press table in a straight-line movement, the piston initially acts upon at least one knuckle joint system during the closing of the press, and a hydraulic cushion of the ram concludes the closing process with extension of the knuckle joint system in movement direction of the piston and straight-line support thereof against the frame. In a press having in a frame a ram closing through the force of a cylinder with a moveable piston against a press table in a straight-line movement, the ram is connected so as to be fixed with respect to the frame via at least two identically constructed knuckle joint systems, and the ram has a hydraulic cushion.

In a forming process with a press having in a frame a ram closing through the force of a cylinder with a moveable piston against a press table in a straight-line movement, the piston initially acts upon at least one knuckle joint system during the closing of the press, and a hydraulic cushion of the ram concludes the closing process with extension of the knuckle joint system in movement direction of the piston and straight-line support thereof against the frame. In a press having in a frame a ram closing through the force of a cylinder with a moveable piston against a press table in a straight-line movement, the ram is connected so as to be fixed with respect to the frame via at least two identically constructed knuckle joint systems, and the ram has a hydraulic cushion.

A compound toggle submechanism for use with a compound toggle system to apply a force to an external object comprises a crank bar, a plurality of pull bars, a plurality of linear toggles, a plurality of coupling toggles, a plurality of three-axis toggles, a plurality of bar toggles, and an object connector. The crank bar is rigidly coupled to a drive shaft and rotates when the drive shaft rotates. Each pull bar rotates about the drive shaft. Each linear toggle moves linearly when the drive shaft rotates. Each coupling toggle rotates and moves when the drive shaft rotates. Each three-axis toggle rotates about one of multiple fixed points when the drive shaft rotates. Each bar toggle rotates about an upper opening on the respective three-axis toggle when the drive shaft rotates. The object connector connects to the external object and moves in a vertical direction when the drive shaft rotates.

A compound toggle system for applying a force to an external object comprises a drive motor, a drive shaft, a frame, and a compound toggle mechanism. The drive motor rotates the drive shaft to a first rotational angle and to a second rotational angle. The frame includes four side walls connected to one another to form a quadrilateral shape and a base connected to the side walls. compound toggle mechanism positioned in the frame. The compound toggle mechanism includes first and second compound toggle submechanisms, with each compound toggle submechanism including an object connector connecting to the external object and providing maximum extension to the external object when the drive shaft is at the first rotational angle and providing minimum extension to the external object when the drive shaft is at the second rotational angle.

A compound toggle system for applying a force to an external object comprises a drive motor rotating a drive shaft, and first and second compound toggle submechanisms. Each compound toggle submechanism includes a crank bar, a plurality of pull bars, a plurality of linear toggles, a plurality of coupling toggles, a plurality of three-axis toggles, a plurality of bar toggles, and an object connector. The crank bar is rigidly coupled to a drive shaft and rotates when the drive shaft rotates. Each pull bar rotates about the drive shaft. Each linear toggle moves linearly, each coupling toggle rotates and moves, each three-axis toggle rotates about one of multiple fixed points, and each bar toggle rotates about an upper opening on the respective three-axis toggle when the drive shaft rotates. The object connector connects to the external object and moves in a vertical direction when the drive shaft rotates.