Systems and techniques are provided for laminate material bonding. A bonding agent may be applied to a first layer. A second layer may be placed onto the bonding agent on the first layer to form a laminate material. The laminate material may be placed between a first piece of non-compliant material with a first piece of compliant material and a second piece of non-compliant material with a second piece of compliant material. The laminate material may be in contact with the first piece non-compliant material and the second piece of non-compliant material. Pressure may be applied to the laminate material by applying pressure to the first piece of compliant material for a curing time of the bonding agent.

Systems and techniques are provided for laminate material bonding. A bonding agent may be applied to a first layer. A second layer may be placed onto the bonding agent on the first layer to form a laminate material. The laminate material may be placed between a first piece of non-compliant material with a first piece of compliant material and a second piece of non-compliant material with a second piece of compliant material. The laminate material may be in contact with the first piece non-compliant material and the second piece of non-compliant material. Pressure may be applied to the laminate material by applying pressure to the first piece of compliant material for a curing time of the bonding agent.

Systems and methods for flow cells are provided. Flow cells may encompass a range of fluidic devices for various applications ranging from microfluidic systems to bulk phase flow systems. Flow cells may comprise one or more components for passive or active fluid transfer. Descriptions are provided for advantageous methods of fabricating flow cells for particular applications such as biological assays. Provided is a composition, comprising a first substrate comprising a first covalently-bound ligand; and a second substrate comprising a second covalently-bound ligand; wherein the first covalently-bound ligand and the second covalently-bound ligand are covalently bonded to form a heterocyclic compound. Also provided is a flow cell device, comprising: a first substrate comprising a microfabricated surface; and a second substrate comprising a non-patterned surface; wherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate to form an enclosure; and wherein the microfabricated surface comprises at least one chamber, wherein the chamber comprises a microarray of active sites with specific functionalization separated by an optically resolvable distance and a functionalized surface comprising a passivating group or a blocking group; and wherein each active site of the microarray of active sites comprises a capture agent.

Systems and methods for flow cells are provided. Flow cells may encompass a range of fluidic devices for various applications ranging from microfluidic systems to bulk phase flow systems. Flow cells may comprise one or more components for passive or active fluid transfer. Descriptions are provided for advantageous methods of fabricating flow cells for particular applications such as biological assays.