A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric body, a vibration plate that vibrates when the piezoelectric body is driven, a first electrode positioned between the piezoelectric body and the vibration plate, and a second electrode positioned to be separated from the first electrode by the piezoelectric body. The piezoelectric body has an active portion that is a part sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode in a first direction along a thickness direction of the piezoelectric body, and a change width of a dC/dV value, which represents a change in capacitance with respect to a change in a voltage applied along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, from one end of the active portion on a side of the first electrode to the other end of the active portion on a side of the second electrode in the first direction is 10% or less.

A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric body, a vibration plate that vibrates when the piezoelectric body is driven, a first electrode positioned between the piezoelectric body and the vibration plate, and a second electrode positioned to be separated from the first electrode by the piezoelectric body. The piezoelectric body has an active portion that is a part sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode in a first direction along a thickness direction of the piezoelectric body, and a change width of a dC/dV value, which represents a change in capacitance with respect to a change in a voltage applied along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, from one end of the active portion on a side of the first electrode to the other end of the active portion on a side of the second electrode in the first direction is 10% or less.

Card substrate printers, such as credential production devices, are generally configured to print images to plastic substrates to form identification cards, driver's licenses, credit cards, and other items. The image printing process that is performed by the printer may be a direct-to-card printing operation, in which a print unit prints an image directly to a surface of the substrate. Alternatively, the image printing process may involve a reverse-image printing process, during which a print unit prints an image to an intermediate substrate, such as a transfer film, and the printed image is transferred from the intermediate substrate to a surface of the card substrate to complete the printing process.

A card printing system having a thermal print head and a thermal print ribbon is described. Operation of the thermal print head is controlled using a custom (or new) thermal compensation routine that is generated based on an analysis of test printing that is applied using the thermal print head and the thermal print ribbon onto a test card using a pre-generated thermal compensation routine. Once the custom thermal compensation routine is generated, the custom thermal compensation routine can then be used to print on a card, with the resulting printing being of higher quality than printing resulting from use of the pre-generated thermal compensation routine.