A road surface state determination device includes a tire-side device and a vehicle-body-side system. The tire-side device is attached to a back surface of a tread of each of a plurality of tires included in a vehicle. The vehicle-body-side system is included in a body of the vehicle. The tire-side device outputs a detection signal corresponding to a magnitude of vibration applied to the tire. The tire-side device generates road surface data indicative of a road surface state appearing in a waveform of the detection signal. The tire-side device transmits the road surface data. The vehicle-body-side system performs bidirectional communication with the tire-side device and receives the road surface data. The vehicle-body-side system determines the road surface state of a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling based on the road surface data.

A tread portion has an outer tread end that is positioned on an outer side of a vehicle when mounted to the vehicle, a plurality of circumferential grooves that extend continuously in a tire circumferential direction, and a plurality of land portions that are defined by the circumferential grooves. The circumferential grooves include an outer circumferential groove that extends adjacently to a tire equator in a region closer to the outer tread end than the tire equator is. The land portions include an outer shoulder land portion that is defined between the outer circumferential groove and the outer tread end so as to continuously extend therebetween in a tire axial direction, and that has the largest width in the tire axial direction among the land portions. The outer shoulder land portion has a first outer lateral groove that extends inward in the tire axial direction and terminates in the outer shoulder land portion. An angle of the first outer lateral groove relative to the tire axial direction at a terminating position in the outer shoulder land portion is 0 to 20°.

Provided is a pneumatic tire that has excellent fuel efficiency and rubber strength and combines high load capacity and space saving. A pneumatic tire mounted on a vehicle, comprises: a tread configured to come into contact with a road surface; and a belt layer located on an inner side of the tread in a tire radial direction, wherein an outer diameter of the pneumatic tire is 350 mm or more and 600 mm or less, the following relationship:

0.78≤RW/SW≤0.88 is satisfied, where RW is a rim width of a rim wheel to be attached to the pneumatic tire and SW is a tire section width of the pneumatic tire, and a rubber composition that contains: a rubber component containing a diene-based rubber; and a mercaptocarboxylic acid compound is used in the pneumatic tire.

A rubber composition of the present invention contains 100 parts by mass of a rubber component (A) containing 45 to 75% by mass of natural rubber and 25 to 55% by mass of a conjugated diene-based polymer, in which a bonded styrene amount of the conjugated diene compound moieties is 25% or less, 1 to 40 parts by mass of a non-modified conjugated diene-based polymer (B) which has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 or more but less than 40,000 in terms of polystyrene as measured by GPC and in which a bonded styrene amount of the conjugated diene compound moieties is less than 10% and a bonded vinyl amount of the conjugated diene compound moieties is 20% or more, and a filler (C), in which at least one of the conjugated diene-based polymers contained in the rubber component (A) is a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. With the rubber composition, a tire having further enhanced on-ice performance and having both excellent on-ice performance and excellent abrasion resistance is obtained.

A pneumatic vehicle tire having a rim protection rib (9), wherein the design of the rim protection rib has the object of having a pneumatic vehicle tire with improved durability, and scaling of the axial width of the rim protection rib is intended to permit only minor effects on the rolling resistance and the durability; this is achieved in that, as viewed in the tire cross section, an axially outer contour (10) of the rim protection rib (9) begins radially on the outside with a convexly curved first region (12) which tangentially adjoins an axially outer contour (11) of the sidewall (6), in that the first region (12) merges radially inward tangentially into a concavely curved second region (13), in that the second region (13) merges tangentially into a convexly curved third region (15), and in that the third region (15) merges tangentially into a fourth region (16) encompassing the axially outermost point (17) of the rim protection rib (9).

A tire for a vehicle comprises a tread (2), of which the central part of the tread (2) comprises at least two rubber compounds (221, 222), making up at least 90% of its volume. The first compound (221) is radially on the outside of the second compound (222) and makes up at least 40% and at most 60% of the volume of the central part. The second rubber compound (222) has a Shore hardness DS2 at least equal to 5 plus the Shore hardness DS1 of the first compound (221) and dynamic losses at a temperature of 0° C. and 23° C. that are at least equal to those of the first rubber compound (221). The axially outer parts of the tread are made up of a third compound (223) capable of touching the ground, having a stiffness and a hysteresis that are lower than those of the first compound.

A pneumatic tire includes a pair of bead portions each having a respective bead core therein, a carcass extending between the bead portions and including a carcass ply that includes a main portion extending between the bead cores and a pair of turn-up portions turned up around the bead cores, and a pair of bead reinforcing layers being disposed outward in the tire axial direction of the turn-up portions so as to cover outermost ends in a tire radial direction of the turn-up portions. An outer surface of at least one of the bead portions is provided with a recess row including a plurality of recesses spaced in a tire circumferential direction, and in the at least one of the bead portions, an outermost end of the bead reinforcing layer is located outwardly in the tire radial direction of outermost ends of the plurality of recesses.

A tire comprises an outer strip (2) having a tread (21). The outer strip (2) has a central part and two axially outer parts and comprises at least two rubber compounds (M1, M2) making up at least 90% of the volume of the outer strip (2). The first compound (M1) is radially on the outside of the second compound (M2), which makes up at least 60% of the axially outer parts and being disposed in a layer that is substantially continuous from one axially outer part to the other, said layer having a minimum thickness at least equal to 0.3 mm. The compound M1 has a modulus G* that is greater than 1.35 times and less than 3 times that of the compound M2. The compound M1 has a dynamic loss at 0° C. greater than 0.5 and the compound M2 has a dynamic loss at 23° C. less than 0.3.

A tire comprises an outer strip (2) having a tread (21). The outer strip (2) has a central part and two axially outer parts and comprises at least two rubber compounds (M1, M2) making up at least 90% of the volume of the outer strip (2). The first compound (M1) is radially outside of the second compound (M2), which makes up at least 60% of the axially outer parts and being disposed in a layer that is substantially continuous from one axially outer part to the other, said layer having a minimum thickness at least equal to 0.3 mm. The compound M1 has a modulus G* that is greater than 1.35 times and less than 3 times that of the compound M2. The compound M1 has a dynamic loss at 0° C. greater than 0.5 and the compound M2 has a dynamic loss at 23° C. less than 0.3.

A pneumatic tire includes a tread portion and a pair of sidewall portions each extending inwardly in a tire radial direction from the tread portion. At least one of the pair of the sidewall portions is provided with at least one side protector protruding outwardly in a tire axial direction. The side protector is provided with a groove, a cut-out portion connected with the groove, and a sipe connected with the groove.