A shock absorber includes a cylindrically-shaped mounting member having an outer peripheral surface bonded at one end or both ends, the mounting member having an outer diameter at an end surface side smaller than an outer diameter at a center portion, and a reinforcement welding performed at the end surface side of the mounting member at a bonding portion of the mounting member.

A strut assembly including a reservoir tube that extends about and along a center axis and has an interior surface and defines a chamber. A bearing sleeve is disposed in the chamber of the reservoir tube and extends about and along the center axis between a proximal end and a distal end. The bearing sleeve presents an inner surface and an outer surface. A damper body tube is disposed in the bearing sleeve and is moveable relative to the bearing sleeve. A piston assembly is disposed in the damper body tube. The outer surface of the bearing sleeve has a tubular portion and a protrusion portion that extends radially outwardly relative to the tubular portion and annularly and providing an interference fit between the outer surface of the bearing sleeve and the interior surface of the reservoir tube.

In a rear suspension device of an automotive vehicle, a shock absorber is provided perpendicularly to a H-shaped lower arm in a side view, respective axis of resilient bushes of pivotal portions which pivotally support upper and lower arms at a vehicle-body side are configured to be parallel to a standard line which extends in a vehicle longitudinal direction in a plan view, and an imaginary axial line which interconnects respective centers of front and rear connection portions, via which the lower arm is connected to a wheel side, is configured to extend obliquely forward and inward relatively to the vehicle longitudinal direction.

A suspension system for a wheel of a vehicle including: a wheel interface having a wheel interface axis which is an axis about which a wheel rotates when connected to the wheel interface; a first arm connected to the wheel interface and rotatable with respect to the wheel interface about a first axis that is substantially parallel to the wheel interface axis; and a second arm connected to the wheel interface and rotatable with respect to the wheel interface about a second axis that is substantially parallel to the wheel interface axis; and a damping and springing means disposed within a gap formed between the first arm and the second arm, the damping and springing means are connected at one of its ends to at least one of the first arm, the second arm and the wheel interface; wherein at least a portion of the suspension system is to be disposed within a rim of a wheel.

A vibration damper includes at least one adjustable damping valve having an outer housing connected to one end of an outer receptacle of the vibration damper. A longitudinal axis of the adjustable damping valve and a longitudinal axis of the vibration damper run parallel. The outer housing of the adjustable damping valve has a clamping surface for an axle connection part.

A wheel carrier assembly for a front axle or rear axle of a motor vehicle, with a wheel carrier part on which a link for a control arm assembly, a fixing device for a damper strut and a recess for a wheel bearing are provided. The wheel carrier part includes an air guide device for supplying air to a disk brake assembly, which as brake parts has at least a brake disk and a brake caliper. The wheel carrier part has a circumferentially hollow wheel carrier housing part. The air guide device includes at least one air inlet opening and at least one air outlet opening directed onto a brake part.

Suspension assembly including a body associable to the chassis of the tilting vehicle and two junction devices opposite with respect to the body; the junction devices being articulated to the body by means of connecting elements, wherein each junction device includes a first structural junction portion rotationally coupled in a first coupling site to a first connecting element and a second structural joint portion rotationally coupled in a second coupling site to a second connecting element; and wherein the suspension assembly further includes elasto-damping elements associated with the hinge devices and adapted to damp the stresses transmitted by the wheels; and wherein each hinge device includes a dynamic junction portion rotationally coupled to a elasto-damping element in a dynamic junction coupling site; and wherein the junction device rigidly determines the relative positioning and spatial orientation of the first structural joint portion, the second structural joint portion and the dynamic joint portion; ; the suspension assembly further having a rocker arm element associated in a titling manner to the body and to the elasto-damping elements.

Multi-link suspension systems for vehicles are described having various linkages or links that connect to distinct points of a wheel mount or knuckle. Each of the linkages are preferably coupled to the wheel mount via a spherical ball joint and mounted such that they can independently move or rotate with respect to the other linkages. A shock assembly is preferably mounted between two of the linkages on a separate link and is rotatably mounted to each of the two linkages.

A suspension system including a Chebyshev-Lambda (CL) mechanism, at least one linear motion mechanism and a spring-damper assembly, the CL mechanism including a suspension-arm, a support-arm and a first rotating-arm, an end of the rotating-arm being configured to be coupled with a reference frame at an anchoring-node, an operational-end of the suspension-arm being configured to be coupled with a suspended-mount at a first node, an end of the support-arm being configured to be coupled with the reference frame at a support-anchoring-node, the linear motion mechanism configured to be coupled with the reference frame via at least one anchoring node, an end of the linear motion mechanism being configured to be coupled with the suspended-mount at a second node, and the spring-damper assembly including at least one spring and at least one damper, wherein respective first and second ends of the spring and the damper are coupled between two points.

An electric vehicle includes a lateral self-stabilization system and may further include a fore-aft self-stabilization system. The lateral self-stabilization system may include a controller configured to cause an actuator to laterally tilt a frame of the vehicle based on sensed information relating to an orientation of the vehicle, or portion thereof, about a roll axis. The frame of the vehicle may include any suitable structure configured to be laterally tilted by the actuator relative to an axle of the vehicle. The fore-aft stabilization system may include a motor controller configured to drive a motor of the vehicle based on sensed information relating to a pitch angle of the vehicle. In some examples, the vehicle is a robotic vehicle.