An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries, a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer, and a terminal bar configured to transport electrical currents to and from the conductive interconnect layer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a conductive layer positioned between first and second insulative layers, where the conductive layer has a first thickness that is less than a thickness of the terminal bar. The conductive layer includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries, a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer, and a terminal bar configured to transport electrical currents to and from the conductive interconnect layer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a conductive layer positioned between first and second insulative layers, where the conductive layer has a first thickness that is less than a thickness of the terminal bar. The conductive layer includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

A refuse vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a plurality of battery cells. The chassis includes a right frame member and a left frame member spaced apart in a lateral direction and extending lengthwise in a longitudinal direction. The body is coupled to the chassis. The plurality of battery cells are longitudinally disposed along the chassis, positioned between the right frame member and the left frame member.

A refuse vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a plurality of battery cells. The chassis includes a right frame member and a left frame member spaced apart in a lateral direction and extending lengthwise in a longitudinal direction. The body is coupled to the chassis. The plurality of battery cells are longitudinally disposed along the chassis, positioned between the right frame member and the left frame member.

A holding apparatus (15) for current and signal conductors of a traction battery of a motor vehicle has a plate-like base body with longitudinal sides (16), transverse ends (17) and a top (18) and bottom (19) extending between the longitudinal sides (16) and transverse ends (17). Elements (20) are arranged on the top (18) and the bottom (19) for guiding and fixing current conductors (12) of the traction battery, and elements (21) are arranged on the other of the top (18) and the bottom (19) for guiding and fixing at least one signal conductor (14) of the traction battery. The base body provides EMC shielding of the signal conductor (14) from the current conductors (12). The plate-like base body has on the opposite longitudinal sides (16) and/or on the opposite transverse sides (17) sections (22) for securing and grounding the holding apparatus on a frame of the motor vehicle.

A holding apparatus (15) for current and signal conductors of a traction battery of a motor vehicle has a plate-like base body with longitudinal sides (16), transverse ends (17) and a top (18) and bottom (19) extending between the longitudinal sides (16) and transverse ends (17). Elements (20) are arranged on the top (18) and the bottom (19) for guiding and fixing current conductors (12) of the traction battery, and elements (21) are arranged on the other of the top (18) and the bottom (19) for guiding and fixing at least one signal conductor (14) of the traction battery. The base body provides EMC shielding of the signal conductor (14) from the current conductors (12). The plate-like base body has on the opposite longitudinal sides (16) and/or on the opposite transverse sides (17) sections (22) for securing and grounding the holding apparatus on a frame of the motor vehicle.

A structural component for a vehicle may include an extrusion that is extruded into a first state and then expanded into a second state. The extrusion in the first state has a reduced size relative to a desired final size. The extrusion in the first state is placed within a die that defines the desired final size. Pressurized water is distributed within internal cells of the extrusion in the first state such that the walls defining the internal cells are expanded into engagement with the surface of the die, thereby creating surface features or sealing interfaces with tight tolerances. The relative shape of the die and the extrusion in the first state defines an open space herebetween, into which the extrusion may expand to define the final shape. Some of the internal cells may be plugged such that they are not provided with pressurized water.

An intelligent energy module of an electrically assisted bicycle includes a battery management system, a controller and a motor. The battery management system includes a battery and an analog front end. The analog front end is electrically connected to the battery assembly. The controller includes a micro controller unit and a driver. The micro controller unit is electrically connected to the analog front end. The driver electrically connected to the micro controller unit. The motor is electrically connected to the driver and controlled by the driver. The battery assembly, the analog front end, the micro controller unit and the driver are disposed on a same circuit board.

An intelligent energy module of an electrically assisted bicycle includes a battery management system, a controller and a motor. The battery management system includes a battery and an analog front end. The analog front end is electrically connected to the battery assembly. The controller includes a micro controller unit and a driver. The micro controller unit is electrically connected to the analog front end. The driver electrically connected to the micro controller unit. The motor is electrically connected to the driver and controlled by the driver. The battery assembly, the analog front end, the micro controller unit and the driver are disposed on a same circuit board.

A controller discharges a traction battery according to power limits defined by output that is indicative of a state of charge of the traction battery and is updated by a bar delta filter according to a balancing current. The balancing current is associated with each cell of a string of series connected cells of the traction battery and represents a deviation of an estimated current through the cell from a total current of the string.