A system includes a clutch state module and a clutch torque module. The clutch state module is configured to determine whether a clutch of an electronic limited slip differential is locked or unlocked. The electronic limited slip differential couples an engine of a vehicle to left and right wheels of the vehicle. The clutch torque module is configured to estimate an actual torque transferred by the clutch using a first clutch torque model when the electronic limited slip differential is unlocked, and estimate the actual clutch torque using a second clutch torque model when the electronic limited slip differential is locked. The second clutch torque model is different than the first clutch torque model.

Systems and methods for operating a hybrid powertrain that includes an engine and a motor/generator are described. The systems and methods adjust torque converter clutch opening responsive to whether or not a motor/generator is available to provide a negative torque to a driveline. Further, the motor/generator and the vehicle's engine are operated to provide a desired amount of driveline braking.

A method for operating a drivetrain of a motor vehicle, includes, when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and upon demand for a drive torque of the motor vehicle, increasing power (25p) supplied to a separate electric pump drive (25) such that a pressure chamber whose pressurization effects a complete closure or lock-up of a launch element (3) is fast charged with hydraulic pressure from a pump (24). The method also includes performing a launch process of the motor vehicle with the drive source (1) and with a closed or locked-up launch element (3) and reducing the power (25p) supplied to the separate electric pump drive (25) after fast charging the pressure chamber. A related drive train module is also provided.

A system includes a clutch state module and a clutch torque module. The clutch state module is configured to determine whether a clutch of an electronic limited slip differential is locked or unlocked. The electronic limited slip differential couples an engine of a vehicle to left and right wheels of the vehicle. The clutch torque module is configured to estimate an actual torque transferred by the clutch using a first clutch torque model when the electronic limited slip differential is unlocked, and estimate the actual clutch torque using a second clutch torque model when the electronic limited slip differential is locked. The second clutch torque model is different than the first clutch torque model.

A vehicle includes an engine, an electric generator, a power transmission device, a clutch, and a power generation controller. The electric generator is coupled to the engine. The power transmission device is configured to transmit driving power of the engine to a vehicle's driving wheel. The clutch is provided in the power transmission device and switchable between an engaged state in which the driving power of the engine is transmitted to the driving wheel and a disengaged state in which the driving power of the engine is not transmitted to the driving wheel. The power generation controller is configured to drive the engine and cause the electric generator to generate electric power by using the driving power of the engine. The clutch is switched to the disengaged state when a driver who drives the vehicle is determined to intend to stop the vehicle for a predetermined period or longer.

A vehicle includes a differential gear that transmits rotation of a propeller shaft to an axle. A differential lock switches the differential gear between a locked state and an unlocked state. A clutch is provided in a power transmission path between a prime mover and wheels of the vehicle. A controller controls an engaging force of the clutch during a moving start of the vehicle in accordance with which of the locked state and the unlocked state is selected by the differential gear.

A vehicle includes a differential gear that transmits rotation of a propeller shaft to an axle. A differential lock switches the differential gear between a locked state and an unlocked state. A clutch is provided in a power transmission path between a prime mover and wheels of the vehicle. A controller controls an engaging force of the clutch during a moving start of the vehicle in accordance with which of the locked state and the unlocked state is selected by the differential gear.

A vehicle includes a differential gear that transmits rotation of a propeller shaft to an axle. A differential lock switches the differential gear between a locked state and an unlocked state. A clutch is provided in a power transmission path between a prime mover and wheels of the vehicle. A controller controls an engaging force of the clutch during a moving start of the vehicle in accordance with which of the locked state and the unlocked state is selected by the differential gear.

A vehicle includes an engine, a motor, and a controller. The engine and motor are each configured to deliver torque to a torque converter impeller. The controller is programmed to, responsive to a demanded impeller torque exceeding an upper motor torque threshold while the motor alone is delivering torque to the impeller, increase motor torque to a value that is less than the threshold and that depends on a torque converter bypass clutch torque capacity and a torque converter turbine speed.

Safe, three-wheeled tilting scooter or motorcycle frames with two front steerable, non-tilting wheels are described herein, as well as three-wheeled tilting vehicles with various propulsion systems mounted on such frames are also disclosed. Said vehicles are preferably non-polluting, such as electric or fueled by hydrogen.