A vehicle includes a starter motor, an engine having an output mechanically coupled to the starter motor, a transmission having an input, and an electric machine mechanically coupled to the transmission input. The vehicle further includes a clutch configured to mechanically couple the electric machine and the output of the engine, and at least one controller. The at least one controller is programmed to initiate an engine start based on driver demand. The controller is further configured to enable pressure to the clutch for the engine start if driver demand is less than a calibratable torque value or enable the starter motor for the engine start if the driver demand is greater than a calibratable torque value. The controller may lock the clutch to the output of the engine in response to the speed of the engine being approximately equal to the speed of the electric machine.

A method of controlling a hybrid power train may include: driving a first input shaft connected to a second motor-generator by the second motor-generator to synchronize a speed of a driven gear of a target gear position with a speed of an output shaft; moving a sleeve to directly connect the second input shaft, the output shaft, and the driven gear of the target gear position; decreasing torque of the first motor-generator and increasing torque of the second motor-generator to converge torque transferred from the second motor-generator to the output shaft, to torque of the output shaft; moving the sleeve to release the second input shaft and maintain only the output shaft and the driven gear; and increasing torque of an engine and decreasing the torque of the second motor-generator to converge torque transferred from the engine to the output shaft, to the torque of the output shaft.

A method of controlling a hybrid power train may include: driving a first input shaft connected to a second motor-generator by the second motor-generator to synchronize a speed of a driven gear of a target gear position with a speed of an output shaft; moving a sleeve to directly connect the second input shaft, the output shaft, and the driven gear of the target gear position; decreasing torque of the first motor-generator and increasing torque of the second motor-generator to converge torque transferred from the second motor-generator to the output shaft, to torque of the output shaft; moving the sleeve to release the second input shaft and maintain only the output shaft and the driven gear; and increasing torque of an engine and decreasing the torque of the second motor-generator to converge torque transferred from the engine to the output shaft, to the torque of the output shaft.

A vehicle includes a first axle, second axle, first clutch, second clutch, and controller. The first and second axles are coupled by a driveshaft. The first and second clutches are configured to isolate the driveshaft from loads transferred through the first and second axles, respectively, when open. The controller is programmed to, in response to a difference between output speeds of the first and second axles exceeding a first threshold, close the second clutch, reduce the difference such that it is below a second threshold, and close the first clutch.

A method for controlling a motor vehicle (1) operated in all-wheel drive at times, by means of a control unit (3), wherein the motor vehicle comprises a drive unit (11), a primary drive axle (14) permanently driven by the drive unit (11), a secondary drive axle (24), a torque transmission train (17, 17.1) for transmitting the torque of the drive unit (11) to the secondary drive axle (24), and a disconnect clutch (15) for coupling the secondary drive axle (24) to and uncoupling same from the drive unit (11), wherein the control unit (3) can actuate the disconnect clutch (15) via a first actuating unit (16), characterized by the following steps determining an all-wheel requirement for the motor vehicle from input signals if there is a predetermined all-wheel requirement, preparing an all-wheel operation, wherein the disconnect clutch (15) is not closed.

A transmission includes a drive source, a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a first gear group, a first synchronous engagement mechanism, a second gear group, a second synchronous engagement mechanism, an output shaft, and circuitry. The circuitry is configured to control the first synchronous engagement mechanism to synchronously engage one of the at least one first driving gear with the first input shaft before selecting one of the at least one second driving gear and connecting the second input shaft to the drive source through a second connection and disconnection device so as to move a vehicle.

An axle drive mechanism includes a driving toothed wheel, a drive mechanism housing, a differential cage, a differential gear, a first and a second output shaft, and at least one shiftable torque transmission device. The at least one shiftable torque transmission is disposed between the driving toothed wheel and the first output shaft and includes a torque transmission region. The torque transmission region is at least partially disposed between said differential cage bearings in the axial direction.

A vehicle includes a first axle, second axle, first clutch, second clutch, and controller. The first and second axles are coupled by a driveshaft. The first and second clutches are configured to isolate the driveshaft from loads transferred through the first and second axles, respectively, when open. The controller is programmed to, in response to a difference between output speeds of the first and second axles exceeding a first threshold, close the second clutch, reduce the difference such that it is below a second threshold, and close the first clutch.

A transmission assembly for mounting to an external power-source includes an input shaft configured to receive power-source torque. The transmission assembly also includes an output member configured to transmit a transmission output torque to drive a load. The transmission assembly additionally includes a countershaft driven by and arranged parallel to the input shaft. The countershaft has a first gear-set rotatably mounted thereon and is configured to drive the output member. The transmission assembly also includes a second gear-set in mesh with the first gear-set and operatively connected to the output member. Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes an electric motor configured to be selectively connected to the input shaft via a first torque transfer device and to the output member via a second torque transfer device to thereby provide a variable electric motor internal torque input to the transmission assembly. A vehicle having such a transmission and power-source is also disclosed.

An axle drive mechanism includes a driving toothed wheel, a drive mechanism housing, a differential cage, a differential gear, a first and a second output shaft, and at least one shiftable torque transmission device. The at least one shiftable torque transmission is disposed between the driving toothed wheel and the first output shaft and includes a torque transmission region. The torque transmission region is at least partially disposed between said differential cage bearings in the axial direction.