An apparatus and method, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a composite material selectively movable between an inactive position and an active position, and a control to apply a voltage to the composite material in response to a vehicle panel moving from a closed position to an open position to move the composite material to the active position to mitigate wind throb.

Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.

An automotive member or oil filler pipe includes: a member of ferritic stainless steel containing, in mass %, at most 0.015% of C, at most 0.015% of N, 10.5 to 18.0% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.80% of Si, 0.01 to 0.80% of Mn, at most 0.050% of P, at most 0.010% of S, 0.010 to 0.100% of Al, more than 0.3 to 1.5% of Mo, and one or both of 0.03 to 0.30% of Ti and Nb; and a metal fitting of an aluminized stainless steel sheet, which is attached to the member to define therebetween a gap structure to be exposed to a chloride environment, and has an Al-plating weight per unit area ranging from 20 to 150 g/m.sup.2 in the gap structure. Surfaces of the metal fitting and member not facing the gap are coated with a cation electrodeposition coating film having a thickness of 5 to 35 m.

Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.

An apparatus and method, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a composite material selectively movable between an inactive position and an active position, and a control to apply a voltage to the composite material in response to a vehicle panel moving from a closed position to an open position to move the composite material to the active position to mitigate wind throb.

An electric vehicle propulsion system includes an electric motor and a battery pack formed as a single, integrated unit. It is a self-contained, integrated electric propulsion system. It disrupts the long-established engineering paradigm that the electric motor and the battery pack have to be designed, built and installed as separate systems.

The present invention relates to a wheel air gap for a motor vehicle of which according to the invention at least one section of the wheel air gap open air comprises a sound-absorbing material.

Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.

Disclosed herein are a composite material and a method of manufacturing a vehicle interior material using the same. The composite material is manufactured by laminating first and second substrates which each include a felt layer consisting of a natural fiber and a synthetic fiber, a polyolefin film layer, and a thermosetting resin coating layer. Through such a structure, it is possible to implement high stiffness and a reduction in weight, to prevent crushing, occurrence of irregularity, breaking, etc. due to expression of an impregnated resin from front and back surfaces of a conventional material, and to easily attach a bracket and a surface material in a post-treatment process.

An automotive member or oil filler pipe includes: a member of ferritic stainless steel containing, in mass %, at most 0.015% of C, at most 0.015% of N, 10.5 to 18.0% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.80% of Si, 0.01 to 0.80% of Mn, at most 0.050% of P, at most 0.010% of S, 0.010 to 0.100% of Al, more than 0.3 to 1.5% of Mo, and one or both of 0.03 to 0.30% of Ti and Nb; and a metal fitting of an aluminized stainless steel sheet, which is attached to the member to define therebetween a gap structure to be exposed to a chloride environment, and has an Al-plating weight per unit area ranging from 20 to 150 g/m.sup.2 in the gap structure. Surfaces of the metal fitting and member not facing the gap are coated with a cation electrodeposition coating film having a thickness of 5 to 35 m.