An automatic bicycle shifter making use of a global positioning system (GPS) altimeter for sensing road inclination, an accelerometer for sensing bicycle acceleration and a hot wire anemometer for sensing wind load, and through application of classical law of conservation of energy attenuates or appreciate automatic shifting speeds in real time to maintain a rider standard shifting torque. Automatic bicycle shifter is additionally provided with capability to sense, record, and interpret rider automatic shift override commands and further adjust automatic shift criteria to rider preference.

A bicycle with an electric pedal assist motor capable of driving a chainring independent of cranks includes wheel speed sensors and crank cadence sensors. The wheel speed sensors and the crank cadence sensors measure wheel speed and crank cadence, respectively, and provide the measured wheel speed and crank cadence to controller of the bicycle. The controller activates motor overdrive based on the measured wheel speed and/or the measured crank cadence.

A bicycle with an electric pedal assist motor capable of driving a chainring independent of cranks includes wheel speed sensors and crank cadence sensors. The wheel speed sensors and the crank cadence sensors measure wheel speed and crank cadence, respectively, and provide the measured wheel speed and crank cadence to controller of the bicycle. The controller activates motor overdrive based on the measured wheel speed and/or the measured crank cadence.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, a gear shift command. The processor adjusts a cadence band based on the identified gear shift command. The cadence band includes an upper cadence limit and a lower cadence limit. Adjusting the cadence band includes increasing the upper cadence limit, decreasing the lower cadence limit, or increasing the upper cadence limit and decreasing the lower cadence limit. The electronic shifting of the bicycle is controlled based on the adjusted cadence band.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, a gear shift command. The processor adjusts a cadence band based on the identified gear shift command. The cadence band includes an upper cadence limit and a lower cadence limit. Adjusting the cadence band includes increasing the upper cadence limit, decreasing the lower cadence limit, or increasing the upper cadence limit and decreasing the lower cadence limit. The electronic shifting of the bicycle is controlled based on the adjusted cadence band.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, a torque at a crank arm of the bicycle. The processor compares the identified torque or a parameter based on the identified torque to a predetermined band. The predetermined band has an upper limit and a lower limit. The processor determines a target cadence based on the comparison. The processor determines a cadence band based on the determined target cadence. The method also includes controlling the electronic shifting of the bicycle based on the determined cadence band. The controlling of the electronic shifting of the bicycle includes actuating a motor of a derailleur of the bicycle for the electronic shifting of the bicycle when a cadence of the bicycle is outside of the determined cadence band.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, a torque at a crank arm of the bicycle. The processor compares the identified torque or a parameter based on the identified torque to a predetermined band. The predetermined band has an upper limit and a lower limit. The processor determines a target cadence based on the comparison. The processor determines a cadence band based on the determined target cadence. The method also includes controlling the electronic shifting of the bicycle based on the determined cadence band. The controlling of the electronic shifting of the bicycle includes actuating a motor of a derailleur of the bicycle for the electronic shifting of the bicycle when a cadence of the bicycle is outside of the determined cadence band.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, sensor data. The sensor data identifies a state of the bicycle. The processor determines a rider engagement status based on the identified sensor data. The processor determines a target cadence based on the determined rider engagement status. The processor determines a cadence band based on the determined target cadence. The electronic shifting of the bicycle is controlled based on the determined cadence band. The controlling of the electronic shifting of the bicycle includes actuating a motor of the bicycle for electronic shifting of the bicycle when a cadence of the bicycle is outside of the determined cadence band.

A method for controlling electronic shifting of a bicycle includes identifying, by a processor, sensor data. The sensor data identifies a state of the bicycle. The processor determines a rider engagement status based on the identified sensor data. The processor determines a target cadence based on the determined rider engagement status. The processor determines a cadence band based on the determined target cadence. The electronic shifting of the bicycle is controlled based on the determined cadence band. The controlling of the electronic shifting of the bicycle includes actuating a motor of the bicycle for electronic shifting of the bicycle when a cadence of the bicycle is outside of the determined cadence band.

A control device includes an electronic controller configured to control a transmission to shift a transmission ratio of a human-powered vehicle in accordance with a first shifting condition set based on a first reference value. The electronic controller is configured to control the transmission to restrict shifting of the transmission ratio of the human-powered vehicle regardless of the first shifting condition upon determining a second shifting condition set based on a second reference value is satisfied. The second reference value includes at least one of a reference value indicating an acceleration tendency of the human-powered vehicle and a reference value indicating a deceleration tendency of the human-powered vehicle.