A detection sensor includes: a single light-emitting element that radiates light onto a conveyed material; and multiple light-receiving elements that receive interference light including the light that is scattered at a surface of the conveyed material and the light that is scattered inside the conveyed material.

A base material processing apparatus includes a transport mechanism, a mark detector, and a calculating unit. The transport mechanism transports an elongated strip-shaped base material in a longitudinal direction thereof along a predetermined transport path. The mark detector acquires a detection result by detecting a mark continuously at a detecting position on the transport path. The mark is applied previously to an end of the base material in a width direction thereof. The calculating unit calculates a transport speed of the base material, the amount of positional deviation of the base material in a transport direction, and tension on the base material applied in the transport direction on the basis of the detection result and information about the mark applied previously to the base material.

A control device using, as a learning target, a transporting apparatus, a rotation control section which controls at least one of a rotation speed of a first roller and a rotation speed of a second roller, and a position detection section which detects a position of the transport target matter, the control device including a state variable acquisition section which acquires a state variable and a detection result of the position detection section, the state variable being based on information of a state of the transport target matter and information of an environment to which the transport target matter is exposed, and a learning section which learns a control expression for calculating a control value of the rotation control section based on a dataset containing the state variable acquired by the state variable acquisition section and the detection result of the position detection section.

Methods for manufacturing printed laminates or elastic printed laminates are disclosed. The printed laminates may have a first extensible material and a second extensible material. The first extensible material may have a plurality of repeating graphic sets each having a repeating graphic set length. The first extensible material may have a first strain and the second extensible material may have a second, different strain. The second strain may be constant. The first strain may be variable to correspond to the repeating graphic set lengths to a predetermined laminate pitch. The first and second extensible material may be joined together at a point of joinder. An elastic member, such as a plurality of elastic strands, for example, may be positioned intermediate the first and second extensible materials to form an elastic laminate.

A difference unit may include a first sensor to identify a position of a first mark printed on a first web output from a first web press, a second sensor to identify a position of the first mark of the first web, a third sensor to identify a position of a second mark printed on a second web, and a synchronization engine to determine a synchronization difference between the first web and the second web based on the identification of the first mark and second mark as sensed by the second sensor and the third sensor.

A bag-making and packaging machine includes a film supply unit that supplies film to a bag-making and packaging unit. The film supply unit has a film roll holding unit that rotatably holds a first film roll, a film temporary placement member on which a vicinity of a leading end portion of a first film wound into the first film roll is manually temporarily placed when attaching the first film roll to the film roll holding unit, a leading end portion detection sensor configured to detect that the leading end portion of the first film is positioned in a prescribed position, and a controller configured to control a rotating mechanism to convey the first film along a predetermined conveyance path until the leading end portion detection sensor detects that the leading end portion of the first film is positioned in the prescribed position.

A base material processing apparatus includes first and second edge sensors and a displacement amount calculation part. The first edge sensor acquires a first detection result (R1) by detecting the position of an edge of a base material in a width direction at a first detection position. The second edge sensor acquires a second detection result (R2) by detecting the position of the edge of the base material at a second detection position. The displacement amount calculation part calculates the amount of displacement in the position of the base material in the transport direction or the amount of difference in the transporting speed of the base material on the basis of the first and second detection results (R1, R2). Thus, the amount of displacement in the position or the amount of difference in the transporting speed can be detected without depending on images such as register marks.

The printer is a printer for printing on a label continuous body including a plurality of labels temporarily attached to a belt-like liner at predetermined intervals, the printer calculates the label pitch from the downstream end portion of a first label and the upstream end portion of the first label detected by a second detecting unit that detects an end portion of the label, if the calculated label pitch is smaller than a distance from a first detecting unit for identifying a printing start position of the label to a printing unit, the printer feeds the label continuous body to a printing start position of a second label based on the calculated label pitch.

A paper feeding device includes: a bearing base to which a spool inserted into a paper roll, around which a paper is wound, is detachably attachable; a support including: a leading-end detection sensor to detect a leading end of the paper on the paper roll and output a sensor signal; and a roller disposed at a position in the support different from the leading-end detection sensor in a circumferential direction of the paper roll, to cause the leading-end detection sensor and the roller to contact a surface of the paper roll attached to the bearing base; and to cause the leading-end detection sensor and the roller to be directed toward an axial center of the spool; and a motor to rotate the spool in a feeding direction to feed the paper and in a reverse direction opposite to the feeding direction.

Methods for manufacturing printed laminates or elastic printed laminates are disclosed. The printed laminates may have a first extensible material and a second extensible material. The first extensible material may have a plurality of repeating graphic sets each having a repeating graphic set length. The first extensible material may have a first strain and the second extensible material may have a second, different strain. The second strain may be constant. The first strain may be variable to correspond to the repeating graphic set lengths to a predetermined laminate pitch. The first and second extensible material may be joined together at a point of joinder. An elastic member, such as a plurality of elastic strands, for example, may be positioned intermediate the first and second extensible materials to form an elastic laminate.