The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.

The invention is a method for coproducing Hydrogen and certain metals by reducing a metal oxide(s) with MgH.sub.2 or with metal and water, wherein the non-water oxides used in the method include SiO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CuO, ZnO, WO.sub.3, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, Cs.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.7 or CsOH. The method reacts the MgH.sub.2 with a metal oxide or directly uses metal and water instead of a hydride, and initiates a reaction with the metal oxide. The reaction releases Hydrogen and reduces the subject oxide to metal.

The invention is a method for coproducing Hydrogen and certain metals by reducing a metal oxide(s) with MgH.sub.2 or with metal and water, wherein the non-water oxides used in the method include SiO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CuO, ZnO, WO.sub.3, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, Cs.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.7 or CsOH. The method reacts the MgH.sub.2 with a metal oxide or directly uses metal and water instead of a hydride, and initiates a reaction with the metal oxide. The reaction releases Hydrogen and reduces the subject oxide to metal.

Process for the preparation of a particulate dental filler composition, comprising the following steps: (a) introducing a mixture containing (a1) a silica precursor component, and (a2) a solution or dispersion of one or more compounds selected from compounds of aluminum, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, ytterbium, hafnium, bismuth, barium, strontium, silver, tantalum, lanthanum, tin, boron, and cerium, into a pulsed reactor; (b) converting the silica precursor component and the compounds into a particulate mixed oxide with a pulsed gas flow resulting from flameless combustion; (c) isolating the particulate mixed oxide from the pulsed reactor; (d) optionally subjecting the particulate mixed oxide to a heat treatment step; and (e) treating the optionally heat-treated particulate mixed oxide with a silane treatment agent for obtaining a particulate dental filler composition.

Process for the preparation of a particulate dental filler composition, comprising the following steps: (a) introducing a mixture containing (a1) a silica precursor component, and (a2) a solution or dispersion of one or more compounds selected from compounds of aluminum, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, ytterbium, hafnium, bismuth, barium, strontium, silver, tantalum, lanthanum, tin, boron, and cerium, into a pulsed reactor; (b) converting the silica precursor component and the compounds into a particulate mixed oxide with a pulsed gas flow resulting from flameless combustion; (c) isolating the particulate mixed oxide from the pulsed reactor; (d) optionally subjecting the particulate mixed oxide to a heat treatment step; and (e) treating the optionally heat-treated particulate mixed oxide with a silane treatment agent for obtaining a particulate dental filler composition.

A raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers includes a first component which is one or more of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide and a second component which is one or more of boehmite, cerium oxide, cerium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and titanium oxide, wherein, when the first component is nickel oxide, the second component includes cerium hydroxide. Such a raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers of the present invention is formed into oxygen carriers according to an oxygen carrier producing method, which will be described below, by adjusting the composition, formulation of raw materials, and degree of homogenization. Then, it is possible to produce oxygen carriers having physical properties such as a shape, a particle size, and a particle distribution suitable for a fluidized bed process or a high speed fluidized bed process and having improved wear-resistance, long-term durability, and oxygen transfer performance.

A raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers includes a first component which is one or more of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide and a second component which is one or more of boehmite, cerium oxide, cerium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and titanium oxide, wherein, when the first component is nickel oxide, the second component includes cerium hydroxide. Such a raw material composition for producing oxygen carriers of the present invention is formed into oxygen carriers according to an oxygen carrier producing method, which will be described below, by adjusting the composition, formulation of raw materials, and degree of homogenization. Then, it is possible to produce oxygen carriers having physical properties such as a shape, a particle size, and a particle distribution suitable for a fluidized bed process or a high speed fluidized bed process and having improved wear-resistance, long-term durability, and oxygen transfer performance.

Combustion apparatuses (e.g., burners) and methods, such as those configured to encourage mixing of fluid, flame stability, and synthesis of materials (e.g., nano-particles), among other things.

Process for the preparation of a particulate dental filler composition, comprising the following steps: (a) introducing a mixture containing (al) a silica precursor component, and (a2) a solution or dispersion of one or more compounds selected from compounds of aluminum, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, ytterbium, hafnium, bismuth, barium, strontium, silver, tantalum, lanthanum, tin, boron, and cerium, into a pulsed reactor; (b) converting the silica precursor component and the compounds into a particulate mixed oxide with a pulsed gas flow resulting from flameless combustion; (c) isolating the particulate mixed oxide from the pulsed reactor; (d) optionally subjecting the particulate mixed oxide to a heat treatment step; and (e) treating the optionally heat-treated particulate mixed oxide with a silane treatment agent for obtaining a particulate dental filler composition.